HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM

Question 1

Which 3 systems are lymph nodes a part of?

Answer 1

• lymphatic
• hematopoietic (blood-forming)
• lymphoid (organs & tissues of immune system)

Question 2

What is the term for localized region of necrosis caused by reduction of arterial perfusion below a level required for cell viability?

Answer 2

infarction

Question 3

What is the term for mass of solid, liquid, or gas that moves within blood vessel to lodge @ a site distant from its place of origin?

Answer 3

embolus

Question 4

What occurs when circulatory system is unable to maintain adequate pressure in order to perfuse organs?

Answer 4

shock

Question 5

What are some common signs of shock?

Answer 5

• tachycardia
• tachypnea
• cool extremities
• decreased pulses
• decreased urine output
• altered mental status

Question 6

T/F: lymph nodes are rubbery, attached to surrounding tissues, & small (less than 1 cm)

Answer 6

F (mobile - unattached)

Question 7

Although blood composition changes little w/ age, % of ____________ _____________ occupied by hematopoietic tissue declines.

Answer 7

marrow space

Question 8

What classification of disorders are von willebrand disease, hemophilia, & thrombocytopenia?

Answer 8

disorders of hemostasis

Question 9

What is the pathologic state or symptom of many other diseases resulting in reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood from abnormality in quantity or quality of RBCs?

Answer 9

anemia

Question 10

What are the 3 categories of causes of anemia?

Answer 10

• excessive blood loss (hemorrhage)
• destruction of erythrocytes (hemolytic)
• decreased production of erythrocytes

Question 11

What is normocytic anemia?

Answer 11

normal size

Question 12

What is normochromic anemia?

Answer 12

normal hemoglobin amt

Question 13

What is anisocytosis anemia?

Answer 13

various sizes

Question 14

What is poikilocytosis anemia?

Answer 14

various shapes

Question 15

What occurs as a result of congenital or acquired disorders caused by congenital RBC membrane abnormalities, lack of necessary enzymes needed for normal metabolism, autoimmune processes, or infection?

Answer 15

hemolysis

Question 16

Erythropoeitin is a hormone produced in _____________ that stimulates production & maturation of RBCs.

Answer 16

kidneys

Question 17

Which nutrients play a role in decreased production of erythrocytes?

Answer 17

• iron
• B12
• folate

Question 18

What is another term for anemia of chronic disease?

Answer 18

anemia of inflammation

Question 19

Signs & symptoms of anemia are related to _____________ of anemia & amount of time over which erythrocytes were lost.

Answer 19

severity

Question 20

What is the term for spoon nails?

Answer 20

koilonychia

Question 21

T/F: anemia neuropathy can be unilateral or bilateral symmetrically

Answer 21

F (asymmetrically)

Question 22

Anemia in the presence of ___________ ____________ precipitates cardiac ischemia & is risk factor for heart attack.

Answer 22

coronary obstruction

Question 23

What does complete blood count measure?

Answer 23

• % of blood volume composed of erythrocytes
• conc of Hb
• erythrocyte count
• RBC indices (size, shape, distribution)

Question 24

What is the term for amount of new RBCs?

Answer 24

reticulocyte count

Question 25

What is the term for arrest of bleeding after blood vessel injury & involves interaction among blood vessel wall, platelets, & plasma coagulation proteins?

Answer 25

hemostasis

Question 26

Which hemostasis involved formation of platelet plug @ site of vascular injury?

Answer 26

primary

Question 27

Primary hemostasis requires normal # & function of platelets & ____________ ____________ factor.

Answer 27

von willebrand

Question 28

What is the plasma protein that mediates initial adhesion of platelets @ sites of bleeding injuries?

Answer 28

von willebrand factor

Question 29

VWF binds & stabilizes blood clotting factor _____ in circulation.

Answer 29

VIII

Question 30

What is the term for decrease in # of platelets?

Answer 30

thrombocytopenia

Question 31

Bleeding caused by platelet disorders or VWD is characterized by easy bruising or __________ bleeding.

Answer 31

mucosal

Question 32

T/F: thrombocytopenia is below 200,000/uL of blood

Answer 32

F (150,000)

Question 33

Where are platelets produced?

Answer 33

bone marrow

Question 34

What are common causes of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 34

medications & supplements

Question 35

What is the main symptom of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 35

mucosal bleeding

Question 36

Secondary hemostasis is triggered when vascular damage exposes ___________ factor.

Answer 36

tissue

Question 37

Normal secondary hemostasis necessitates the presence of ___________ factors or else results in hemophilia A or B.

Answer 37

clotting

Question 38

T/F: abnormalities in secondary hemostasis have more serious bleeding such as deep muscle hematomas & spontaneous hemarthrosis.

Answer 38

T

Question 39

What is the term for bleeding disorder inherited as X-linked autosomal recessive trait?

Answer 39

hemophilia

Question 40

Which hemophilia is lack of clotting factor VIII & is the majority?

Answer 40

A

Question 41

Which clotting factor is lacking in hemophilia B?

Answer 41

IX

Question 42

What is the normal concentration of coagulation factors? mild? moderate? severe?

Answer 42

- normal: 50-150% - mild: 6-30% - moderate: 1-5% - severe: > 1%

Question 43

Which hemophilia is where spontaneous hemorrhages are rare & joint & deep muscle bleeding are uncommon?

Answer 43

mild

Question 44

Which hemophilia is where major bleeding episodes can occur after minor trauma?

Answer 44

moderate

Question 45

Which hemophilia may bleed spontaneously or w/ only slight trauma esp in joints & deep muscle?

Answer 45

severe

Question 46

Out of mild, moderate, & severe, which hemophilia is most common?

Answer 46

severe