HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM Flashcards
Which 3 systems are lymph nodes a part of?
- lymphatic
- hematopoietic (blood-forming)
- lymphoid (organs & tissues of immune system)
What is the term for localized region of necrosis caused by reduction of arterial perfusion below a level required for cell viability?
infarction
What is the term for mass of solid, liquid, or gas that moves within blood vessel to lodge @ a site distant from its place of origin?
embolus
What occurs when circulatory system is unable to maintain adequate pressure in order to perfuse organs?
shock
What are some common signs of shock?
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- cool extremities
- decreased pulses
- decreased urine output
- altered mental status
T/F: lymph nodes are rubbery, attached to surrounding tissues, & small (less than 1 cm)
F (mobile - unattached)
Although blood composition changes little w/ age, % of ____________ _____________ occupied by hematopoietic tissue declines.
marrow space
What classification of disorders are von willebrand disease, hemophilia, & thrombocytopenia?
disorders of hemostasis
What is the pathologic state or symptom of many other diseases resulting in reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood from abnormality in quantity or quality of RBCs?
anemia
What are the 3 categories of causes of anemia?
- excessive blood loss (hemorrhage)
- destruction of erythrocytes (hemolytic)
- decreased production of erythrocytes
What is normocytic anemia?
normal size
What is normochromic anemia?
normal hemoglobin amt
What is anisocytosis anemia?
various sizes
What is poikilocytosis anemia?
various shapes
What occurs as a result of congenital or acquired disorders caused by congenital RBC membrane abnormalities, lack of necessary enzymes needed for normal metabolism, autoimmune processes, or infection?
hemolysis
Erythropoeitin is a hormone produced in _____________ that stimulates production & maturation of RBCs.
kidneys
Which nutrients play a role in decreased production of erythrocytes?
- iron
- B12
- folate
What is another term for anemia of chronic disease?
anemia of inflammation
Signs & symptoms of anemia are related to _____________ of anemia & amount of time over which erythrocytes were lost.
severity
What is the term for spoon nails?
koilonychia
T/F: anemia neuropathy can be unilateral or bilateral symmetrically
F (asymmetrically)
Anemia in the presence of ___________ ____________ precipitates cardiac ischemia & is risk factor for heart attack.
coronary obstruction
What does complete blood count measure?
- % of blood volume composed of erythrocytes
- conc of Hb
- erythrocyte count
- RBC indices (size, shape, distribution)
What is the term for amount of new RBCs?
reticulocyte count
What is the term for arrest of bleeding after blood vessel injury & involves interaction among blood vessel wall, platelets, & plasma coagulation proteins?
hemostasis
Which hemostasis involved formation of platelet plug @ site of vascular injury?
primary
Primary hemostasis requires normal # & function of platelets & ____________ ____________ factor.
von willebrand
What is the plasma protein that mediates initial adhesion of platelets @ sites of bleeding injuries?
von willebrand factor
VWF binds & stabilizes blood clotting factor _____ in circulation.
VIII
What is the term for decrease in # of platelets?
thrombocytopenia
Bleeding caused by platelet disorders or VWD is characterized by easy bruising or __________ bleeding.
mucosal
T/F: thrombocytopenia is below 200,000/uL of blood
F (150,000)
Where are platelets produced?
bone marrow
What are common causes of thrombocytopenia?
medications & supplements
What is the main symptom of thrombocytopenia?
mucosal bleeding
Secondary hemostasis is triggered when vascular damage exposes ___________ factor.
tissue
Normal secondary hemostasis necessitates the presence of ___________ factors or else results in hemophilia A or B.
clotting
T/F: abnormalities in secondary hemostasis have more serious bleeding such as deep muscle hematomas & spontaneous hemarthrosis.
T
What is the term for bleeding disorder inherited as X-linked autosomal recessive trait?
hemophilia
Which hemophilia is lack of clotting factor VIII & is the majority?
A
Which clotting factor is lacking in hemophilia B?
IX
What is the normal concentration of coagulation factors? mild? moderate? severe?
- normal: 50-150%
- mild: 6-30%
- moderate: 1-5%
- severe: > 1%
Which hemophilia is where spontaneous hemorrhages are rare & joint & deep muscle bleeding are uncommon?
mild
Which hemophilia is where major bleeding episodes can occur after minor trauma?
moderate
Which hemophilia may bleed spontaneously or w/ only slight trauma esp in joints & deep muscle?
severe
Out of mild, moderate, & severe, which hemophilia is most common?
severe
