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3rd Year > HEMA LEC MOD 2 > Flashcards

HEMA LEC MOD 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes have ___, homogenous _____ with a ____ paler than the periphery

A

circular, biconcave disk, central pallor

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2
Q

Central pallor occupies approximately __ (__ - __micrometers)

A

1/3, 2-3 micrometers

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3
Q

RBC size:

__ - __ micrometer in diameter

__ - __ micrometer in thickness

__ - __ femtoliter in volume

A

7 - 8 micrometers

1.5 - 2.5 micrometers

80 - 100 femtoliters

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4
Q

Cell that is <80 femtoliters

A

microcyte

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5
Q

Cell that is >100 femtoliters

A

macrocyte

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6
Q

Cell that is within 80 - 100 femtoliters

A

normocyte / normocytic

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7
Q

Example of hyperchromic RBC

A

Spherocytes

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8
Q

Staining characteristics:

____ in wet, unstained preparation

A

Greenish

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9
Q

Staining Characteristics:

___ in Wright’s Stain

A

Salmon Pink

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10
Q

Young RBCs are flexible and highly deformable?

True or False

A

True

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11
Q

What do you call old RBCs?

A

Senescent

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12
Q

Sequestration of RBCs happens in ___

A

Spleen

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13
Q

How many days will it take to produce mature RBC from BFU-E?

A

21 days

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14
Q

BFU-E to CFU-E : __ week/s

A

1 week

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15
Q

CFU-E to Pronormoblast : __ week/s

A

1 week

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16
Q

How many cell divisions happen before maturing to Pronormoblast?

A

3 - 5 cell divisions

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17
Q

__ - __ days proliferation & maturation of precursors

A

6 - 7 days

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18
Q

__ - __ days reticulocyte maturation

A

2 - 3 days

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19
Q

Reticulocytes:
__ - __ days in BM

A

1 - 2 days

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20
Q

Reticulocytes:
__ day/s in the circulation

A

1

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21
Q

What organ removes remnants and polish the RBC to become concave?

A

Spleen

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22
Q

__ - __ RBCs produced from a single pronormoblast?

A

8 - 32 RBCs

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23
Q

Life span of mature RBCs

A

80 - 120 days

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24
Q

1 normoblast is equal to __ - __ RBCSs

A

8 - 32 RBCs

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25
Q

1 normoblast is equal to __ - __ reticulocytes

A

16

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26
Q

____ and ____ have the highest RNA content

A

pronormoblast and basophilic normoblast

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27
Q

Stage where there is a decline in RNA content as Hb increases

a. Polychromatophilic normoblasts
b. Pronormoblast
c. basophilic normoblast
d. Reticulocyte

A

a. Polychromatic normoblast

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28
Q

__ or __ mitotic divisions in 3 days

A

3 or 4

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29
Q

Reticulocytes remain in stroma for __ - __ days

A

1 - 2 days

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30
Q

synthesize Hb in __ - __ days in the marrow and __ day/s in the peripheral blood

A

1 -2 days, 1 day

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31
Q

Name 2 supravital stains

A

New Methylene Blue

Brilliant Cresyl Blue

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32
Q

Reticulocyte is described as ___ ___ when viewed in microscope?

A

Lumpy potato

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33
Q

Type of Erythropoiesis where red cells produced in the BM reaches the circulation and reaches its maturity

A

Effective Erythropoiesis

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34
Q

Type of Erythropoiesis where red cell that are produced in BM does not reach the circulation and its lifespan

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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35
Q

____ ____ is the abnormal maturation of erythroid precursors forming megaloblasts

A

megoblastic maturation

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36
Q

Karyorrhexis and Howell-Jolly bodies are characteristic of ___ maturatuon

A

Megaloblastic Maturation

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37
Q

Has the impaired ability of cell to synthesize DNA and has enlarged cells with nuclear maturation lagging behind cytoplasmic maturation

A

Megaloblastic Maturation

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38
Q

Normoblastic Nomenclature System is commonly used in ____

A

United States

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39
Q

Erythroblastic Nomenclature System is commonly used in ____

A

Europe

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40
Q

Rubriblastic Nomenclature is used because it follows the ___

A

granulocyte development

41
Q

Last stage of RBC with nucleus is ___

A

orthochromatic eryhtroblast

42
Q

Last stage of RBC with nucleus is ___

A

orthochromatic erythroblast

43
Q

It is in this stage where there is a decrease in RNA as increase in hemoglobin

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

44
Q

Stage where fragments is visible

A

Reticulocyte

45
Q

Stage where nucleoli disappear

A

Reticulocyte

46
Q

How many day/s does reticulocyte stay in blood circulation?

A

1 day

47
Q

RNA synthesis is stopped at what stage?

A

Reticulocyte

48
Q

Last stage capable of mitosis is ___ ___

A

polychromatic erythroblast

49
Q

___ is the stage where hemoglobin synthesis is completed

A

Reticulocyte

50
Q

Hemoglobin synthesis starts at __ ___

A

Basophilic Erythroblast

51
Q

As cell matures, total protein ___

A

decreases

52
Q

Perinuclear halo is visible in what stage?

A

Basophilic erythroblast

53
Q

Dispersed chromatin is found on what stage?

A

Pronormoblast

54
Q

Stage that has intense dark blue cytoplasm and fine chromatin. It is also the earliest RBC precursor and has a size of 12 - 20 micrometers

A

Proerythroblast

55
Q

Stage that has murky gray-blue cytoplasm and nucleus is eccentrically located

A

polychromatic erythroblast

56
Q

Stage that is ready to be extruded out of the cell. Cytoplasm is more on pink than blue. Pyrenocyte

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

57
Q

A structure of RBC that holds cell in place

A

Vimentin

58
Q

It is the totality of all stages in erythrocytes, including the precursor cells in the bone marrow and mature cells in the peripheral blood within vascular areas of specific organs

A

Erythron

59
Q

Iron is needed for the synthesis of __

A

Hemoglobin

60
Q

Folate and vitamin b12 are needed for the synthesis of ___

A

DNA

61
Q

Rate of production = rate of destruction

A

Erythrokinetics

62
Q

__% of total RBC is being destroyed and produced daily

A

1%

63
Q

Erythropoietin is produced by ___ cells in the kidney

A

periglomerular

64
Q

Erythropoietin is produced in kidney for about __% and in the liver __%

A

90%, 10%

65
Q

__ hormone maintains RBC production to replace approximately 1% RBC destruction daily

A

glycoprotein

66
Q

3 functions of erythropoietin

A
  1. early release of reticulocytes from the BM
  2. prevent apoptotic cell death
  3. reduce marrow transit time
67
Q

___ is the gap within endothelial cells in BM

A

fenestrations

68
Q

2 mechanisms of early release of reticulocytes

A
  1. Increase the width of marrow/sinus barrier spaces for RBC egress into the sinus
  2. OPO downregulates the expression of receptors for adhesive molecules located on BM stroma
69
Q

___ is due to the increase of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood

A

Polychromasia

70
Q

nucleated RBCs is due to what condition?

A

extreme anemia

71
Q

EPO can be measured by ____ with a reference interval of __ to __ milliunits/liter

A

chemiluminescence, 8 - 32 Um/L

72
Q

Shift reticulocytes are also known as

A

stress reticulocytes

73
Q

There is an ___ in EPO in secondary polycythemia and aplastic anemia

A

increased

74
Q

There is a ___ in EPO after transfusion and primary polycythemia

A

decreased

75
Q

EPO in blood doping can increase ___, ____, ____

A

O2 carrying capacity
RBC count
Blood viscosity

76
Q

___% of cardica output is received by the kidneys as well as liver?

A

20%

77
Q

It is the primary oxygen sensing system:

a. periglomerular cells
b. peritubular fibroblast

A

b. peritubular fibroblast

78
Q

It is responsible in production and release of EPO

a. periglomerular cells
b. peritubular fibroblast

A

a. periglomerular cells

79
Q

EPO producing cells undergo ____?

a. transcriptional regulation
b. translational regulation

A

a. transcriptional regulation

80
Q

How many milligrams of iron are absorbed daily?

A

1-2 mg/day

81
Q

Erythrocyte membrane is __ micrometers thick and is ___ charged?

A

5 micrometers, negatively charged

82
Q

Erythrocyte membrane has asymmetric arrangement of __% of lipids, ___% of proteins, ___% of carbohydrates

A

40% lipids, 52% proteins, 8% Carbohydrates

83
Q

Cholesterol and phospholipids is responsible for the membrane ____ or (pliancy)

A

elasticity

84
Q

What are the 3 Membrane lipids?

A

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Glycolipids

85
Q

Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are in what layer?

A

Inner layer of phospholipids

86
Q

Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are in what layer of phospholipids?

A

outer layer

87
Q

Both inner and outer layer of phospholipids have ____?

A

phosphatidylinositol

88
Q

Senescent RBCs flips out ____ to outer layer to signal “eat me” to splenic macrophages

A

phosphatidylserine

89
Q

Sialic acid causes ___ charge to the RBC

A

negative charge

90
Q

Flippases, floppases, and scramblases are part of what RBC membrane?

A

Phospholipids

91
Q

Cholesterol confers ___ to the lipid bilayer

A

tensile strength

92
Q

This membrane has net negative charge, prevents microbial attack, protects from mechanical damage, and bear CHO-based blood group antigens

A

Glycolipids

93
Q

It is the main food for RBC

A

glucose

94
Q

Erythrocyte Membrane Protein is responsible for ___ for transmembrane transport nutrients

A

glycosylation

95
Q

___ serves as antigens and provide peptide epitopes

a. Rh
b. RhAG
c. glycophorins

A

Glycophorins

96
Q

___ is an integral protein that can attach to peripheral of cytoskeletal protein, anion exchange channel, and is the major integral protein

a. Band 1
b. Band 2
c. Band 3

A

c. Band 3

97
Q

An integral protein that is responsible in glucose transportation

a. Aquaporin
b. Glut-1
c. Band 3

A

Glut-1

98
Q

An integral protein that is responsible for water transport

A

a. Aquaportin

3rd Year (7 decks)

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