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3rd Year > HEMA LAB MOD 2 > Flashcards

HEMA LAB MOD 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Numerical evaluation of the formed elements (RBC, WBC, and platelets) in the blood

A

Hemocytometry

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2
Q

___ means blood

___ cell

A

hemo

cyto

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3
Q

2 methods in hemocytometry

A

turbidimetric method

microscopic method

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4
Q

___ method is no longer used because of its inaccuracy and imprecision

A

turbidimetric method

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5
Q

In this method, there are solutions with known number of cells and the unknown is compared with the solutions

A

Turbidimetric method

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6
Q

___ method uses a microscope to count the cells.

A

Microscopic method

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7
Q

____ is the estimation of a number of blood cells in a known volume of blood

A

Microscopic hemocytometry

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8
Q

another name for hemocytometer

A

counting chamber

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9
Q

another name for hemocytometer

A

counting chamber

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10
Q

The principle for RBCs, WBCs and platelet counting is essentially the same except that it differs in ___, ___ used, and the ___ of counting

A

dilution, diluents, area

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11
Q

___ method that uses a pipet for dilution

A

pipet

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12
Q

___ method that utilizes a test tube

A

test tube

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13
Q

Microscopic hemocytometry is divided into three basic steps: ____. ____. ____

A

Manual dilution, Sampling to a hemocytometer or Charging, Cell counting

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14
Q

____ are necessary to disperse the blood cells and to facilitate counting

A

Diluents

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15
Q

What will happen if the diluent is absent upon viewing under the microscope?

A

Blood cells will overlap which makes counting difficult and cause erroneous result

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16
Q

Tonicity of diluting fluid in RBC is ___ and for WBC is ___

A

isotonic, hypotonic

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17
Q

Ideal diluting fluid should have __ SG to prevent ___ of cells

A

high, rapid sedimentation

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18
Q

RBC diluting fluids example

A

Gower’s Fluid
Hayem’s Fluid
Toisson’s Fluid
Formol-Citrate (Dacie’s Fluid)
NSS (0.85-0.90 NaCl)
3.8% sodium Citrate
Bethel’s fluid

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19
Q

Most common pipet for RBC manual counting in the Ph

A

Thoma pipet

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20
Q

Dilutions ranging from __ to __ or __ to __

A

1:10, 1:1000

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21
Q

distance between the slide and the special coverslip is referred as ___

A

depth

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22
Q

Counting Chamber Open type:

A

Spencer, Burker, Levy, Levy-Hausser

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23
Q

Counting Chamber Close type:

A

Thoma-Zeiss

24
Q

Counting Chamber - Used in standardization of vaccine

A

Petroff-Hausser

25
Q

Counting Chamber
According to Ruling or Calibration

A

Thoma
Turk
Bass-Jones
Fuchs-Rosenthal
Improved Neubauer

26
Q

Most common hemocytometer used today

A

Improved Neubauer

27
Q

The platforms of IN are separated by a canal which is also known as ___

A

H-moat

28
Q

Located on each distal end of the platforms are the ___

A

V-slashes

29
Q

Distance between the coverslip and the platforms of the counting chamber is __ in depth

A

0.1 mm

30
Q

Ruled area of IN is __ by __ which is divided into __ squares

A

3mm by 3mm, 9 squares

31
Q

central large square for RBC and platelet count is divided into __ smaller squares

A

25

32
Q

area of each central smaller square is __

A

0.04mm2

33
Q

Each smaller square if further divided into __ squares

A

16

34
Q

reference range for adult males

A

4.60 - 6.00 x 10^12/L

35
Q

reference range for adult females

A

4.00 - 5.40 x 10^12/L

36
Q

___ prevents rouleaux formation and precipitation of proteins in cases of hypergammaglobulinemia and hemoglobinemia.

can be used in the photometric determination of RBC count

A

Gower’s fluid

37
Q

______

-possible mold growth because of insufficient preservative action
- initiates rouleaux formation

A

Hayem’s fluid

38
Q

___ is the stacking of RBC like the ‘stack of coins’

A

Rouleaux formation

39
Q

___

  • does not prevent mold formation
  • with stain which easily identifies nuclei (stains blue)
A

Toisson’s fluid

40
Q

__

  • best RBC diluting fluid
  • with preservative action so no mold growth
  • cell morphology altered
A

Formol-citrate (Dacie’s Fluid)

41
Q

__

  • used when no other RBC diluting fluid is available
  • ideal when there is excessive rouleaux formation and autoagglutination
A

NSS (0.85 - 0.90%)

42
Q

Dilution Factor formula

A

DF = total Volume of solution in the bulb / volume of blood aspirated

43
Q

Of cells per cubic mm

A

average cells counted x dilution factor / number of squares x area of one square x depth (0.1 mm)

44
Q

___ unit is the conventional unit

A

mm3

45
Q

in converting Conventional unit to SI unit, multiply the result to ___

A

10^6

46
Q

Conditions that are associated with increased RBC count

A

Polycythemia vera - abnormal proliferation of RBC

tissue hypoxia

dehydration

low oxygen tension

47
Q

Conditions that are associated with decreased RBC count

A

anemia

hemorrhage

oligocythemia

48
Q

factors that affect RBC count

when a patient lies down during blood collection, there is a decrease of an average of __% to the cell volume because of hemodilution

A

8%

49
Q

Plasma volume ___ during exercise

A

decreases

50
Q

factors that affect RBC count

infants have ___ RBC count than adults

A

higher

51
Q

factors that affect RBC count

women have ____ RBC count than men because they produce ___ that has an inhibitory action to erythropoiesis

A

lower, estrogen

52
Q

factors that affect RBC count

men have ___ RBC count than women because they produce more ___ which has stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis

A

higher, androgen

53
Q

factors that affect RBC count

red cell mass and hemoglobin have higher count in ___ than in ___

A

morning, evening

54
Q

_____ is based on the detection and measurement of changes in electrical resistance produced by the cell as they traverse a small aperture.

A

electronic impedance

55
Q

the number of pulses is ___ to the number of cells counted

A

proportional

3rd Year (7 decks)

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