HEMA LAB MOD 2 Flashcards
Numerical evaluation of the formed elements (RBC, WBC, and platelets) in the blood
Hemocytometry
___ means blood
___ cell
hemo
cyto
2 methods in hemocytometry
turbidimetric method
microscopic method
___ method is no longer used because of its inaccuracy and imprecision
turbidimetric method
In this method, there are solutions with known number of cells and the unknown is compared with the solutions
Turbidimetric method
___ method uses a microscope to count the cells.
Microscopic method
____ is the estimation of a number of blood cells in a known volume of blood
Microscopic hemocytometry
another name for hemocytometer
counting chamber
another name for hemocytometer
counting chamber
The principle for RBCs, WBCs and platelet counting is essentially the same except that it differs in ___, ___ used, and the ___ of counting
dilution, diluents, area
___ method that uses a pipet for dilution
pipet
___ method that utilizes a test tube
test tube
Microscopic hemocytometry is divided into three basic steps: ____. ____. ____
Manual dilution, Sampling to a hemocytometer or Charging, Cell counting
____ are necessary to disperse the blood cells and to facilitate counting
Diluents
What will happen if the diluent is absent upon viewing under the microscope?
Blood cells will overlap which makes counting difficult and cause erroneous result
Tonicity of diluting fluid in RBC is ___ and for WBC is ___
isotonic, hypotonic
Ideal diluting fluid should have __ SG to prevent ___ of cells
high, rapid sedimentation
RBC diluting fluids example
Gower’s Fluid
Hayem’s Fluid
Toisson’s Fluid
Formol-Citrate (Dacie’s Fluid)
NSS (0.85-0.90 NaCl)
3.8% sodium Citrate
Bethel’s fluid
Most common pipet for RBC manual counting in the Ph
Thoma pipet
Dilutions ranging from __ to __ or __ to __
1:10, 1:1000
distance between the slide and the special coverslip is referred as ___
depth
Counting Chamber Open type:
Spencer, Burker, Levy, Levy-Hausser
Counting Chamber Close type:
Thoma-Zeiss
Counting Chamber - Used in standardization of vaccine
Petroff-Hausser
Counting Chamber
According to Ruling or Calibration
Thoma
Turk
Bass-Jones
Fuchs-Rosenthal
Improved Neubauer
Most common hemocytometer used today
Improved Neubauer
The platforms of IN are separated by a canal which is also known as ___
H-moat
Located on each distal end of the platforms are the ___
V-slashes
Distance between the coverslip and the platforms of the counting chamber is __ in depth
0.1 mm
Ruled area of IN is __ by __ which is divided into __ squares
3mm by 3mm, 9 squares
central large square for RBC and platelet count is divided into __ smaller squares
25
area of each central smaller square is __
0.04mm2
Each smaller square if further divided into __ squares
16
reference range for adult males
4.60 - 6.00 x 10^12/L
reference range for adult females
4.00 - 5.40 x 10^12/L
___ prevents rouleaux formation and precipitation of proteins in cases of hypergammaglobulinemia and hemoglobinemia.
can be used in the photometric determination of RBC count
Gower’s fluid
______
-possible mold growth because of insufficient preservative action
- initiates rouleaux formation
Hayem’s fluid
___ is the stacking of RBC like the ‘stack of coins’
Rouleaux formation
___
- does not prevent mold formation
- with stain which easily identifies nuclei (stains blue)
Toisson’s fluid
__
- best RBC diluting fluid
- with preservative action so no mold growth
- cell morphology altered
Formol-citrate (Dacie’s Fluid)
__
- used when no other RBC diluting fluid is available
- ideal when there is excessive rouleaux formation and autoagglutination
NSS (0.85 - 0.90%)
Dilution Factor formula
DF = total Volume of solution in the bulb / volume of blood aspirated
Of cells per cubic mm
average cells counted x dilution factor / number of squares x area of one square x depth (0.1 mm)
___ unit is the conventional unit
mm3
in converting Conventional unit to SI unit, multiply the result to ___
10^6
Conditions that are associated with increased RBC count
Polycythemia vera - abnormal proliferation of RBC
tissue hypoxia
dehydration
low oxygen tension
Conditions that are associated with decreased RBC count
anemia
hemorrhage
oligocythemia
factors that affect RBC count
when a patient lies down during blood collection, there is a decrease of an average of __% to the cell volume because of hemodilution
8%
Plasma volume ___ during exercise
decreases
factors that affect RBC count
infants have ___ RBC count than adults
higher
factors that affect RBC count
women have ____ RBC count than men because they produce ___ that has an inhibitory action to erythropoiesis
lower, estrogen
factors that affect RBC count
men have ___ RBC count than women because they produce more ___ which has stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis
higher, androgen
factors that affect RBC count
red cell mass and hemoglobin have higher count in ___ than in ___
morning, evening
_____ is based on the detection and measurement of changes in electrical resistance produced by the cell as they traverse a small aperture.
electronic impedance
the number of pulses is ___ to the number of cells counted
proportional
