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Hema MTAP > Hema 1part 1. > Flashcards

Hema 1part 1. Flashcards

1
Q

Thoma RBC pipette markings

A

Markings
0.5, 1.0, 101

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2
Q

THOMA RBC PIPETTE volume bulb

A

100

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3
Q

THOMA RBC PIPETTE
Dilution range:

A

1:100 – 1:1000

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4
Q

THOMA WBC PIPETTE markings

A

0.5, 1.0, 11

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5
Q

THOMA WBC PIPETTE volume of bulb

A

10

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6
Q

THOMA WBC PIPETTE Dilution range:

A

1:10 – 1:100

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7
Q

What is the dilution if blood sample is aspirated up to the 0.5 mark and diluting fluid is aspirated up to the highest mark of the RBC pipet?

A

Dilution = S/TV =5/1000=0.005 1/200

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8
Q

CELL ESTIMATE
1. FACTORS
WBCs
→ # of WBCs per field x_______
Platelets
→ # of platelets per field x _______

A

 WBCs
→ # of WBCs per field x 2,000
 Platelets
→ # of platelets per field x 20,000

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9
Q

2 – 5 WBCs/hpf=

A

4,000 – 7,000 WBCs/uL

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10
Q

4 – 6 WBCs/hpf

A

7,000 – 10,000 WBCs/uL

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11
Q

6 – 10 WBCs/hpf

A

10,000 – 13,000 WBCs/uL

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12
Q

– 20 WBCs/hpf

A

13,000 – 18,000 WBCs/uL

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13
Q

0 – 49,000 /uL platelets

A

MARKEDLY DECREASED

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14
Q

50,000 – 99,000 /uL platelets

A

MODERATELY DECREASED

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15
Q

100,000 – 149,000 /uL platelets

A

SLIGHTLY DECREASED

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16
Q

150,000 – 199,000 /uL platel

A

LOW NORMAL

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17
Q

200,000 – 400,000 /uL platelets

A

Normal

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18
Q

401,000 – 599,000 /uL platelets

A

SLIGHTLY INCREASED

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19
Q

600,000 – 800,000 /uL platelets

A

MODERATELY INCREASED

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20
Q

More than 800,00 /uL platelets

A

MARKEDLY INCREASED

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21
Q

Cell counting principle

A

Coulter principle (electrical impedance or resistance)

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22
Q

Number of pulses =

A

numbers of cells

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23
Q

Height of the pulse =

A

size of the cell

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24
Q

The criteria of the coulter counter of platelets? The size of
the cell should be_______

A

2 to 20 fL

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25
Q

BLOOD + ISOTONIC SALINE SOLUTON ratio

A

(1:6250)

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26
Q

Rbc count size

A

> 36 fL

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27
Q

Possible sources of error in rbc count

A

 Giant platelets
 Platelet satellitism
 Schistocytes / RBC fragments
 Clots
 Cold agglutinins

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28
Q

Rbc count histogram can derive:

A

→ Mean cell / corpuscular volume (MCV)
→ Red cell distribution width (RDW)

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29
Q

Calculated parameters in RBC Count

A

 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
 Hematocrit (HCT) / Packed red cell volume

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30
Q

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome & May- Hegglin Anomaly may cause?

A

false decrease

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31
Q

A clue when giant platelet is present =

A

check MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)
→ Increased MPV is a sign of giant platelets

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32
Q

In what condition will you see
many schistocytes?

A

→ Hemolytic anemia
→ Burn patients

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33
Q

A phenomenon where platelets surround a
WBC induced by EDTA

A

Platelet satellitism

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34
Q

Platelet satellitism will cause

A

The electric pulse will not count every platelet
that is surrounding the WBC (isang bilang lang)
and will be FALSELY DECREASED

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35
Q

Platelet satellitism remedy

A

use sodium citrate (light blue top)

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36
Q

Schistocyte / Schizocyte / RBC fragments will both affect:

A

→ RBC: false decrease
→ Platelet: false increase (RBC fragments
mistook for platelets)

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37
Q

Clots effect on RBC and PLT ct

A

Both false decrease

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38
Q

Are antibodies that will agglutinate RBCs at
cold temp. (room temp and below)

A

Cold agglutinins

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39
Q

PLATELET COUNT size

A

2-10 fL

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40
Q

Platelet histogram Can derive:

A

→ Mean platelet volume (MPV)
→ Platelet distribution width (PDW)

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41
Q

BLOOD + LYTIC / LYSING REAGENT_______
 Characteristic of WBC diluting fluid SHOULD LYSE RBCs

A

(1:251)

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42
Q

WBC COUNT

A

> 35 fL

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43
Q

WBC Count source of errors

A

 Lyse-resistant RBCs
→ Sickle cells
→ Extremely hypochromic cells
→ Target cells
→ Nucleated RBCs

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44
Q

WBC DIFFERENTIAL lymphocytes NV

A

35-90fL

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45
Q

MONONUCLEAR CELLS NV

A

90-160 fL

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46
Q

GRANULOCYTES NV

A

160-450 fL

47
Q

VCS Technology volume is measured via

A

pulse height

48
Q

VCS Technology is MEASURED IN 2 WAYS:
→ SIDE SCATTER-
→ FORWARD SCATTER-

A

→ SIDE SCATTER-Internal Cell Complexity
→ FORWARD SCATTER-Size / Volume

49
Q

WBC Differential Scatter plot x-axis

A

X-axis= Internal Cell Complexity

50
Q

HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION
→ Spectrophotometric method:

A

Cyanmethemoglobin (HiCN)

51
Q

HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION reagent that Converts hemoglobin into methemoglobin / hemiglobin (Hi)

A

Potassium ferricyanide

52
Q

HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION reagent that Converts methemoglobin into cyanmethemoglobin

A

Potassium cyanide

53
Q

HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION REAGENT that Shortens conversion time from 10–15 minutes into 3 minutes

A

Dihydrogen potassium
phosphate (KH2PO4)

54
Q

HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION REAGENTSSuch as Sterox or Triton X; enhances lysis of RBCs

A

Non-ionic detergent

55
Q

HiCN is measured at

56
Q

HiCN method measures all forms of hemoglobin except

A

sulfhemoglobin (SHb)

57
Q

Can be corrected using a patient blank

58
Q

Can be corrected by centrifuging test mixture and
testing hemoglobin on the supernatant fluid

A

Increased WBCs

59
Q

Dilute hemoglobin with distilled water

60
Q

Use of KH2PO4

A

Increased globulins

61
Q

Causes no effect on hemoglobin methods

A

Overanticoagulation

62
Q

INSTRUMENT / TECHNICAL ERRORS IN AUTOMATED CELL COUNTING: Most common

A

APERTURE PLUGS

63
Q

APERTURE PLUGS may cause positive error if

A

Falsely increased

64
Q

External electrical pulses/ power fluctuations

A

EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICAL PULSES

65
Q

EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICAL PULSES can cause

A

positive error – falsely increased

66
Q

EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICAL PULSES remedy

A

Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

67
Q

Presence of bubbles may be a result if the specimen is

A

mixed vigorously

68
Q

Bubbles can cause

A

positive error – falsely increased

69
Q

What happens if TWO cells pass through the aperture at
once?

A

→ 2 cells will be counted as one
 This may cause a false decrease in the cell count
→ Cell size increase
 Since 2 cells are counted into one, it would look like that particular
cell is increased in size

70
Q

Methods of Blood Smear Preparation

A

→ Coverglass Method
→ Spinner/Spun Smear method
→ Wedge Method

71
Q

Size of Slide for BLOOD FILM PREPARATION

A

1x3 inches

72
Q

Drop of Blood for BLOOD FILM PREPARATION

73
Q

Distance of the drop from the frosted end of slide:

74
Q

Angle of the Spreader slide from the stationary slide:

A

25-45 degree angle

75
Q

Thick smear is for detection of

76
Q

Thin smear: if the patient has

A

Polycythemia vera

77
Q

DIRECTIONS FOR READING/ COUNTING CELLS

A

Cross-sectional or crenellation

Longitudinal or lengthwise

Battlement method

78
Q

STAINS COMMONLY USED

A

ROMANOWSKY STAINS

79
Q

ROMANOWSKY STAINS CONTAINS

A

Eosin, Methylene blue, Glycerine & Methanol

80
Q

pH buffer for romanowsky stains

A

(Sorenson’s phosphate buffer): 6.4 – 6.8

81
Q

Salmon pink

A

Erythrocyte

82
Q

Purple-blue to lilac cytoplasm and red-purple granules

83
Q

Nuclei is blue-purple (purple in Henry)

84
Q

Orange granules (red orange in Henry)

A

Eosinophil

85
Q

Pinking tan cytoplasm

A

Neutrophil

86
Q

Gray-ground glass cytoplasm with many tiny red purple granules

87
Q

Gray-ground glass cytoplasm with many tiny red purple granules

88
Q

Blue

89
Q

Light blue cytoplasm

A

Lymphocyte

90
Q

Light blue cytoplasm

A

Lymphocyte

91
Q

Includes Brilliant cresyl blue, New methylene blue, and Crystal violet

A

SUPRAVITAL STAINS

92
Q

SUPRAVITAL STAINS includes

A

Brilliant cresyl blue, New methylene blue, and Crystal violet

93
Q

Used to demonstrate Reticulocyte and Heinz bodies

A

Supravital stains

94
Q

NEVER REPORT______ IN CBC
→ Different stain is used to visualize
→ Commonly, Romanowsky stains are used for CBC

95
Q

DO NOT REPORT________ IN WRIGHT-STAINED SMEAR
→ As they are not visible in that stain; only in supravital stains

A

HEINZ BODIES

96
Q

Differentiates myeloid (+) from lymphoid (-)

A

PEROXIDASE / MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO)

97
Q

IN USING PEROXIDASE / MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO) BLOOD SPX SHOULD BE

A

FRESHLY COLLECTED

98
Q

Why does the specimen for MPO needed to be fresh?

A

→ Peroxidase is an ENZYME – there’s a tendency that the enzyme will
deteriorate if not fresh

99
Q

Differentiates myeloid (+) from lymphoid (-)

A

SUDAN BLACK B

100
Q

Even 2 to 3-week old sample can be used

A

SUDAN BLACK B

101
Q

Differentiates lymphoid (+) from myeloid (-)

A

TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE (TDT)

102
Q

Non-specific (NSE)

103
Q

Non specific ESTERASE Include

A

Include:
 Acetate esterase
 Butyrate esterase

104
Q

Specific (SE) includes

A

→ Includes:
 Chloroacetate esterase

105
Q

Specific (SE) includes

A

→ Includes:
 Chloroacetate esterase

106
Q
A

TARTRATE-RESISTAN ACID PHOSPHATASE (TRAP)

107
Q

 For iron-containing granules
→ Siderotic granules / Pappenheimer bodies

A

PRUSSIAN BLUE (PEARL’S)

108
Q

 Stains glycogen

A

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)

109
Q

 Stains glycogen

A

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)

110
Q
A

→ Erythroleukemia (M6)
→ Gaucher disease
→ Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

111
Q

LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE increased

A

Leukemoid reaction

112
Q

LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE decreased

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia / Chronic
Granulocytic Leukemia

113
Q

LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE NV

A

30 – 185

Hema MTAP (4 decks)

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