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Hema MTAP > Hema 1 Part 1 > Flashcards

Hema 1 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is ____________________ of the body weight

A

7.8%

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2
Q

Total blood volume of adult:
Male: _____________ Female: _____________

A

Male: 5-7 L Female: 4-6L

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3
Q

Composition of blood:
___________ = Formed elements (cells)
__________ = Fluid portion

A

45% = Formed elements (cells)
55% = Fluid portion

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4
Q

___________ = fluid portion of unclotted or anticoagulated blood; contains __________

A

Plasma, Fibrinogen

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5
Q

__________ = fluid portion of clotted blood

A

Serum

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6
Q

Plasma is made up of _____________ water and _____________ solutes

A

90% water
10% solutes

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7
Q

Skin Puncture
▪ Used for the following types of patients:
o Infants less than ______ of age

A

6 months

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8
Q

Skin Puncture
▪ Used for the following types of patients:
when veins cannot be used because of__________

A

IV infusions

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9
Q

Skin Puncture
▪ Used for the following types of patients:

A

o Infants less than 6 months of age
o Young children if only small amount of blood is needed
o Adults with poor veins
o when veins cannot be used because of IV infusions
o extreme obesity
o thrombotic tendencies
o point-of-care testing or with patients performing tests at home

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10
Q

Sites of Skin puncture
o Infants less than______ of age

A

1 year

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11
Q

Sites of Skin puncture
o Infants less than 1 year of age
•______ portion of the plantar surface of the foot

A

medial or lateral

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12
Q

Sites of Skin puncture
o Infants less than 1 year of age
• depth of the puncture should not be more than __________

A

2.0 mm

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13
Q

Sites of Skin puncture for Patients older than one year

A

Second, third or fourth finger (middle finger is the most commonly used

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14
Q

Sites of Skin puncture for Patients older than one year:
Puncture should be______ to the fingerprint, on the______ of the end portion of the finger, slightly off-center

A

perpendicular; palmar surface

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15
Q

Skin puncture site should be warmed at approximately __________

A

42 degrees

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16
Q

______ should be filled first followed by any other anticoagulant during blood collection

A

EDTA

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17
Q

Tournique should be approximately ________________ long and _________ wide

A

18-20 inch long and 1 inch wide

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18
Q

Tourniquet should be placed approximately ______________________ away from the
puncture site

A

3-4 inches

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19
Q

Tourniquet should not be left for more than _______ minute

A

1 min

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20
Q

If greater than one minute has elapsed, tourniquet should be removed and reapplied after ___________have elapsed

A

2 mins

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21
Q

Gauge number of the needle is ___________ proportional to the inside diameter of the needle (bore size)

A

Inversely

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22
Q

The higher the gauge number, the ____________ the diameter of the needle is.
The lower the gauge number, the ____________ the diameter of the needle is.

A

The higher the gauge number, the SMALLER the diameter of the needle is.
The lower the gauge number, the BIGGER the diameter of the needle is.

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23
Q

Gauge number found in needles attached to blood
bags: ___________

A

16 gauge

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24
Q

Most commonly used gauge number for routine
venipuncture: _______

A

21 gauge

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25
Q

Gauge number preferred for adult venipuncture:
__________________

A

19,20,21,22 (23 not routinely used)

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26
Q

Length of needle used for routine venipuncture:
_______________

A

1.0-1.5 inches

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27
Q

Pink needle hub

A

18

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28
Q

Brown/ivory needle hub

A

19

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29
Q

Yellow needle hub

A

20 G

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30
Q

Green needle hub

A

21 G

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31
Q

Black needle hub

32
Q

Blue-green/ Blue needle hub

33
Q

Red tube

A

Non-additive

34
Q

Light blue tube

A

Sodium citrate

35
Q

Gray tube

A

Sodium fluoride/Potassium oxalate

36
Q

Green tube

A

Lithium or Sodium heparin

37
Q

Yellow tube

A

SPS, Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD)

38
Q

Black tube

A

Sodium Citrate

39
Q

Order of Draw for Evacuated Tubes and Syringe (Henry 22nd ed)

A

Blood culture tubes
Citrate
Serum
Heparin
EDTA
Sodium Flouride

40
Q

Order of draw for skin puncture

A

Blood gases
Slide/ smear
EDTA
Other additive tubes
Serum tubes

41
Q

Antiseptics used to clean the venipuncture site: ______________________

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

42
Q

Antiseptics used to clean the venipuncture site: ______________________

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

43
Q

Angle of the needle to the skin during venipuncture: _____________

A

15-30 degree

44
Q

Degrees of-
Brachial Arterial Puncture:
Femoral Arterial Puncture:

A

Brachial: 45-60
Femoral: 90

45
Q

Patients with IV lines: IV line should be stopped for _____________
________mL of blood should be collected and discarded

A

2 mins, 5 mL

46
Q

Gentle inversions ______________

A

Atleast 8-10 times

47
Q

A technologist or a student should not stick a patient more than _____times

48
Q

Complications of Phlebotomy

A

Ecchymosis (bruise)
Hematoma
Syncope (fainting)
Hyperventilation
Edema
Thrombophlebitis

49
Q
  1. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)
    ▪ Most commonly used EDTA: _________________________________
50
Q

Spray-dried EDTA: _______________ Liquid EDTA: ____________________

51
Q

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)

Inhibits coagulation by _______________________

A

Chelsting calcium ions

52
Q

Concentration of EDTA: ______________________

A

1.5 mg/mL of blood

53
Q

Proper concentration of EDTA should be maintained:
Excess EDTA causes: _________________________

A

RBC shrinkage

54
Q

Excess EDTA causes RBC shrinkage:
Hct becomes falsely _______________
ESR becomes falsely ______________

A

Both decrease

55
Q

EDTA Preserves morphology of blood if used within ___________

56
Q

It contains Acid mucopolysaccharide (mucoitin polysulfuric acid)

57
Q

Heparin Found as a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by the _________

58
Q

Heparin
Acts by inhibiting _________________Acts together with a cofactor ______________

A

Inhibit thrombin
Cofactor anti thrombin III

59
Q

Heparin
Concentration: _____________________ Used for _____________

A

15-200 mL for EOFT

60
Q

Not used for blood film preparation because it causes blue coloration of the background of blood films stained with Romanowsky stain

61
Q

Sodium Citrate
▪ Anticoagulant of choice for _______________________

A

Coagulation studies

62
Q

Sodium Citrate Inhibits calcium by forming ______________________

A

Soluble complexes

63
Q

In sodium citrate Potassium oxalate inhibits calcium by forming _________________________

A

Insoluble complex

64
Q

Light blue sodium citrate concentration

65
Q

Light blue sodium citrate concentration

66
Q

Black sodium citrate concentration

67
Q

Sodium citrate
Anticoagulant to Blood Ratio in light blue

68
Q

Sodium citrate
Anticoagulant to Blood Ratio in black

69
Q

Light blue sodium citrate is for

A

Coagulation studies

70
Q

Black sodium citrate is for

A

Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate
(ESR)
(Original Westergren)

71
Q

Tube should be completely filled, underfilled tubes leads to falsely prolonged

A

PT and PTT

72
Q

Sodium citrate is used if patient’s hematocrit does not exceed

73
Q

In patients with ______sodium citrate must be reduced

A

polycythemia vera (PV, Hct > 0.55L/L),

74
Q

In patients with PV, PT and Aptt are falsely

75
Q

ERRORS IN VENIPUNCTURE PREPARATION (BEFORE PROCEDURE)

A

• Improper patient identification
• Failure to check patient adherence to dietary restrictions (Ex. Fasting)
• Failure to calm patient prior to blood collection
• Use of improper equipment and supplies
• Inappropriate method of collection

76
Q

ERRORS IN VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE (DURING PROCEDURE)

A

• Failure to dry the site completely after cleansing with alcohol
• Inserting the needle bevel side down
• Use of needle that is too small, causing hemolysis of the specimen

• Venipuncture in an unacceptable area
• Prolonged tourniquet application
• Wrong order of tube draw
• Failure to mix blood collected in additive-containing tubes immediately
• Pulling back on syringe plunger too forcefully
• Failure to release tourniquet prior to needle withdrawal

77
Q

ERRORS AFTER VENIPUNCTURE COMPLETION (AFTER PROCEDURE)

A

• Failure to apply pressure immediately to venipuncture site
• Vigorous shaking of anticoagulated blood specimen
• Forcing blood through a syringe needle into tube
• Mislabeling of tubes
• Failure to label appropriate specimens with infectious disease precaution
• Failure to put date, time, and initials on requisition
• Slow transport of specimens to laboratory

Hema MTAP (4 decks)

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