HELPING ME REMEMBER DP 10

Question 1

Forgetting

Answer 1

Inability to access or recover information previously stored in memory
- Prevents the mind from being cluttered

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

Needs to be meaningful and should be connected to existing info (should be an active process)

• chunking
• Rehearsal

Question 3

Chunking

Answer 3

Grouping individual items into small chunks or units to increase the capacity of short term memory
The chunks may be more meaningful and therefore easier to remember

Question 4

Rehearsal

Answer 4

Is the process of consciously manipulating information to keep it in STM, to transfer it to LTM or to aid storage and retrieval.

Question 5

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 5

Repeating information to help retain it in short term memory longer than its usual capacity

Question 6

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 6

Process of forming associations and linking new info in a meaningful way, with info that has already been stored in LTM

Question 7

Self reference effect

Answer 7

when we relate new info to personal experiences, we are more likely to remember it
Eg: making an acronym or story from words to be remembered

Question 8

Retrieval cues

Answer 8

stimulus that assists the process of locating and recovering information stored in memory
This acts as a prompt/hint that guides the search and recovery process within LTM
- Context dependent cues
- State dependent cues

Question 9

Context dependent cues

Answer 9

Environmental cues in a specific situation where a memory was formed that act as retrieval cues to help access the memories formed in that context.
(include the sights, sounds and smells within the specific situation)

Question 10

State dependent cues

Answer 10

Are associated with an individual’s internal physiological and/or psychological state at the time the memory was formed, and act as retrieval cues to help access those memories.

Question 11

Mnemonic devices

Answer 11

Techniques used to aid memory, which uses information already stored in LTM, to improve encoding and retrieval
Narrative chaining: placing words to be recalled in a story-like sequence of events
Acronyms: Placing the first letter of each item to be recalled to create a word
Acrostics: Placing the first letter of each item to be recalled into a sentence e.g.

Question 12

Serial Position Effect

Answer 12

A research finding that free recall is better for items at the beginning/end of a list than for items in the middle

Question 13

Primacy effect

Answer 13

were the first words that were heard and therefore have the best chance to be encoded into LTM. Received more attention and rehearsal

Question 14

Recency effect

Answer 14

The superior recall of items at the end of the list (bc they are still in STM)
-too late to be adequately rehearsed/transferred to LTM, too early to be held in STM w/out rehearsal

Question 15

Delayed serial position effect:

Answer 15

If there was a recall after a delay (30 secs), the serial position effect was not entirely observed.

• Primacy effect has occurred as words are in LTM
• Recency effect not present as following 30 seconds, words are no longer in STM