helping behaviour- lecture 10

Question 1

bystander effect

Answer 1

latane and darley- people are less likely to help when theyre with others than when theyre alone
- could be due to pluralistic ignorance, audience inhibition and diffusion of responsibility

Question 2

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 2

people dont interpret situation as an emergency- see someone in need but nobodys helping them= less likely to help

Question 3

audience inhibition

Answer 3

we dont like to look silly in the eyes of other people- dont want to seem like were overreacting

Question 4

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 4

the more ppl in the situation, the less likely people are to help because the responsibility goes across a lot of people

Question 5

latane and darley

Answer 5

bystander effect- smoke filled room
ppts completed questionaires either alone, with 2 strangers or with 2 confeds (instructed not to react)
smoke entered room
alone- most likely to get help
2 confeds- less likely to get help

Question 6

does the bystander effect exist

Answer 6

fischer et al
meta analysis
found 53 studies looking at bystander effect
effect was robust and replicated across studies

Question 7

can we reduce bystander effect

Answer 7

beaman et al
ppts either:
- recieved lecture on BE
- didnt recieve lecture
saw person in biycle accident
bystander (confed) did nothing
those who recieved the lecture were more likely to help than those that didnt recieve the lecture

Question 8

helping

Answer 8

intentional act that benefits another living being or group

Question 9

prosocial behaviour

Answer 9

behaviour that benefits others, isnt driven by personal obligations, can be selfless or selfish

Question 10

altruism

Answer 10

act motivated by the desire to help, selflessly without benefit to yourself

Question 11

negative state-relief model

Answer 11

cialdine et al
seeing others in need causes distress
so help to remove our feelings of distress
so helping is selfish

Question 12

manucia et al

Answer 12

asked ppts to recall a neutral event, happy even and sad event
all ppts given pill (placebo)
half told it would freeze their mood, other half not told this
then asked if they would make calls to establish blood donors
highest helping was when sad and mood not fixed (those not told about what the pill ‘did’)

Question 13

empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 13

baston 1991
said helping is dependent of empathy (shared feelings with person in need)
low empathy- less likely to help- selfish
high empathy- more likely to help- selfless

Question 14

batson et al

Answer 14

• ppts watch someone recieve electric shocks
• manipulated dificulty of escaping- some watched 2/10 shocks, some watched all 10
• also manipulated empathy- similar or dissimilar
• similarity always more likely to help (empathy)
• when easy to escape, dissimilar less likely to help