Helpful And Clinical Notes (Olinger)

Question 1

The bony pelvis includes ___

The __ describes the paired coxal bone, which are joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

Answer 1

Paired coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx

Pelvic girdle

Question 2

The ___ is known as the pelvic inlet and exists at the pelvic brim, between greater and lesser pelves, and is formed by the sacral promontory, superior edge of sacral ala, arcuate line of ilium, pectin pubis, posterior edge of pubic crest and superior edge of the pubic symphysis

Answer 2

Superior pelvic aperture

Question 3

The __ is known as the pelvic outlet and is bound by inferior edge of pubic symphysis, inferior pubic and ischial rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous Ls., and the coccyx

Answer 3

Inferior pelvic aperture

Question 4

The ___ is the passage between the superior and inferior pelvic apertures

Answer 4

Pelvic canal

Question 5

Compare male vs female pelves:

Answer 5

Males: thicker, heavier pelves; deeper greater pelvis, narrower and deeper lesser pelvis, android pelvic inlet, small pelvic outlet, narrow pubic arch, round obturator foramen, large acetabulum

Females: thinner, lighter pelves; shallow greater pelvis, wide and shallow lesser pelvis, gynecoid pelvic inlet, large pelvic outlet, wide pubic arch, oval-shaped obturator foramen and small acetabulum

Question 6

___ is the classically-shaped male pelvis

___ is the classically-shaped female pelvis

Answer 6

Android

Gynecoid

Question 7

Which features of the pelvis are often broken as a result of a pelvic fracture?

Answer 7

Superior and inferior pubic rami–> difficult to break in only one place

Question 8

Which ligaments produce the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 8

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous l.

Question 9

Define the borders of the quadrangular space of the perineum and how the urogenital and anal triangles are formed

Answer 9

Anterior: Pubic symphysis
Posterior: coccyx
Laterally: Ischial tuberosities

Draw a line between 2 ischial tuberosities and quandrangle is divided into 2 triangular spaces (urogenital is anterior and anal is posterior)

Question 10

The ___ is an irregular fibromuscular mass in the midline between the anal canal and perineal membrane, and contains collagenous and elastic fibers. It is the attachment point for bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles.

Answer 10

Perineal body

Question 11

The ___ is sometimes classified as a central tendon of the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms

Answer 11

Perineal body

Question 12

The ___ in the female is described as being smooth muscular mass along the posterior edge of the perineal membrane

Answer 12

Deep transverse perineal m.

Question 13

The pelvic diaphragm is made of these 4 muscles:

The levator ani muscle is made of these 3 muscles from medial to lateral:

Answer 13

Levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus) and coccygeus

Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

Question 14

The superficial fascia of the pelvic diaphragm contains small slips of muscle that insert onto the urinary bladder, those muscles are the __ muscle from the pubis to the urinary bladder and the __ muscle from the rectum to the urinary bladder

Answer 14

Pubovesicalis muscle

Rectovesicalis muscle

Question 15

The pubococcygeus m. Produces several small slips of muscle that extend to nearby structures, all sharing similar action and innervation as the pubococcygeus m. These muscles include the ___

Answer 15

Levator prostate m. (Male)
Pubovaginalis m. (Female)
Puboperinealis m.
Puboanalis m.

Question 16

Vasectomy (deferentectomy) is the ligation and/or excision of the ductus deferens through an incision made in the ___, thereby rendering the resultant ejaculant devoid of spermatozoa

Answer 16

Superior scrotum

Question 17

Enlargement of the prostate gland can occur with increasing age and impinge on the ___, impeding urination. Enlargement of the prostate gland and prostatic cancer can both be determined by digital rectal examination

Answer 17

Prostatic urethra

Question 18

Describe the uterine body to cervix ratio in the following:

Female infant after birth: ____

Postpartum: ___

During puberty: ____

Menopause: ___

Answer 18

2/3 body, 1/3 cervix

1/2 body, 1/2 cervix

2/3 body, 1/3 cervix (until menopause)

1/2 body, 1/2 cervix

Question 19

Cervical cancer was the leading cause of death of North American women until the 1940’s with the advent of the ___, which can detect premalignant cervical conditions

Answer 19

Papanicolaou smear

Question 20

___ is excision of the uterus through the anterior abdominal wall or vagina

Answer 20

Hysterectomy

Question 21

Ligation of the uterine tubes can be done either ___ or ___ through the umbilicus and involves ligating the uterine tubes so the oocytes never reach the uterine cavity

Answer 21

Abdominally

Laparoscopically

Question 22

___ are the prolapse of the mucosa containing the internal rectal venous plexus, impeding blood flow

___ are produced by blood clots in the external rectal venous plexus, which bulge out the mucosa and overlying skin and are painful

Answer 22

Internal hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids

Question 23

___ fibers accompany the parasympathetic fibers of the pelvic splanchnic nerves conveying retrograde pain impulses through pelvic splanchnic nerves into ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves then onto the dorsal root and dorsal root ganglion where the cell bodies exist, finally synapsing in the ___ of the spinal cord

Answer 23

Visceral sensory

Dorsal horn

Question 24

Visceral sensory fibers from the fundus and body of the uterus accompany ___ fibers of the uterovaginal plexus, through the autonomic plexuses and the rami communicantes to the SC.

Answer 24

Sympathetic

Question 25

Visceral sensory fibers from the cervix of the uterus and upper majority of vagina accompany ___ fibers of the uterovaginal plexus, through the pelvic splanchnic nerves into the sacral part of the SC

Answer 25

Parasympathetic

Question 26

The ___ is the region of the trunk inferoposterior to the abdomen, between the pelvic prim and pelvic diaphragm. It is also the transition point between trunk and LE.

The ___ is the area of the trunk between the thighs and buttocks, from the coccyx to the pubs, inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 26

Pelvis or pelvic cavity

Perineum