Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive And Development > 2-24-16-Fertilization, Implantation, Placental Development (Cole) > Flashcards

2-24-16-Fertilization, Implantation, Placental Development (Cole) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 main events in fertilization?

A
  • Acrosome rxn
  • Sperm binding to ZP3
  • Sperm-egg fusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

During the acrosome rxn, the outer membrane of the sperm binds to the ___ receptor which allows for the acrosome rxn or the release of enzymes from the acrosomal space of the sperm to break down the ___

A

ZP3

Zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This process prevents polyspermy which is an egg to be fertilized by more than 1 sperm

A

Cortical rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The immunoglobulin superfamily protein __ is required for sperm to fuse with eggs, as is the protein CD9 (egg)

A

Izumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A mutation in __ creates the inability for the sperm to fuse to the egg and undergo the acrosome rxn

A

Izumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The __ component in the cortical rxn is a change in resting potential of the oocyte plasma membrane that prevents further binding of sperm

A

Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The __ component of the cortical rxn is the release of cortical granules containing enzymes (into PVS) that destroy sperm receptors

A

Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The morula differentiates into the ___

A

Blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The blastocyst hatches from its zona pellucida at ___ days

A

6-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Implantation of the blastocyst into the luminal epithelium of the endometrium is mediated by penetrating __ cells

A

Trophoblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uterine receptivity and the decidual rxn corresponds to days ___ of a regular 28-day cycle

A

20-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During blastocyst implantation, differentiated ___ cells invade part of the myometrium (interstitial invasion)

A reduction in the number of ___ in the epithelial cells factilitates embryo penetration

___ are apical epithelial cellular protrusions of the endometrium

A

Syncytiotrophoblastic

Desmosomes

Pinopodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Invasion of the endometrium and the inner third of the myometrium is determined by the action of secretory proteolytic enzymes released by the ___

___ erode the branches of the spiral uterine arteries to form spaces or lacunae of maternal blood within the syncytiotrophoblast mass

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

Proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___ initiates the primitive uteroplacental circulation and represents the starting point of the future intervillous space

A

Endovascular invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___ is established when trophoblastic cells are in direct contact with maternal blood

A

Uteroplacental circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ___ begins the secretion of hCG into the maternal lacunae. The secretion of estrogens and progesterone by the __ is now under the control of hCG

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

Corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During implantation, the ___ provides an immune-protective environment for the development of the embryo.

Production of immunosuppressive substances, mainly ___, inhibit the activation of NK cells at the implantation site

___ cells do not express MHC II and cannot present ags to maternal CD4+ T cells

A

Decidua

Prostaglandins

Syncytiotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At the end of the 2nd week, cytotrophoblastic cells proliferate and extend into the syncytiotrophoblast mass, forming the ___

A

Primary villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Early in the 3rd week, the extraembryonic mesoderm extends into the primary villi to form the ___.

In a cross section, a ___ is formed by a core of extraembryonic mesoderm surrounded by a middle cytotrophoblast layer and an outer layer of syncytiotrophoblast

A

Secondary villi

Secondary villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cells of the XE mesoderm differentiate into capillary and blood cells, forming the ___

A

Tertiary villi

The difference between secondary and tertiary villi is the presence of capillaries in tertiary villi

21
Q

___ protects the fetus, provides for nutrition, respiration, excretion and hormone protection during development. It is a temporary organ with embryonic (chorionic frondosum) and maternal (decidua basalis) components

A

The placenta

22
Q

Maternal Abs, mainly ___, are taken up by the syncytiotrophoblast and then transported to fetal capillaries for passive immunity. The larger ___ molecules do not cross the placental barrier

A

IgG

IgM

23
Q

Maternal Abs against the __ ag cause hemolytic disease (erythroblastosis fetalis)

A

D

24
Q

In erythroblastosis fetalis, the fetus will be Rh___ and the mother will be Rh___

A

Fetus=Rh-positive

Mother=Rh-negative–> mom lacks the D ag

25
Q

After a Rh negative mother gives birth to the first child who is Rh positive, describe what happens in a subsequent pregnancy if mother is not treated?

A

In a subsequent pregnancy, Abs to the D ag (IgG) cross the placenta and cause hemolysis of fetal RBCs

26
Q

The fetoplacental unit produces ___ hormones

A

Steroid

27
Q

The decidua ___ is the portion underlying the implantation site and forms the maternal part of the placenta

A

Basalis

28
Q

The decidua ___ is the portion overlying the impanted embryo and separating it from the uterine cavity

A

Capsularis

29
Q

The decidua ___ is the remainder of the endometrium

A

Parietalis

30
Q

___ is the chorionic plate and villi derived from the cytotrophoblastic shell

A

Chorionic frondosum

31
Q

The ___ is the basic structure involved in maternal-fetal exchanges

A

Chorionic villus

Each villus has a core of mesenchyma connective tissue and fetal BVs (arterioles and capillaries)

32
Q

___ is the premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

A

Placental abruption

33
Q

During a placental abruption, hemorrhage into the __ leads to premature placental separation and bleeding. Also, separation of the placenta from the uterus impairs ___ of the fetus

A

Decidua basalis

Oxygenation

34
Q

This abnormality of placental implantation is an impantation of the placenta over the cervical os

A

Placenta previa

35
Q

This abnormality of placental implanatation is an abnormal trophoblastic invasion into the myometrium

A

Placenta accreta

36
Q

This placental implantation abnormality is when chorionic villi invade into the myometrium

A

Placenta increta

37
Q

This placental implantation abnormality is when chorionic villi invade through the serosa and into the surrounding tissues

A

Placenta percerta

38
Q

In ___, the contractions of the uterine muscles are not strong enough and postpartum bleeding occurs

A

Uterine atony

39
Q

What are some predisposing factors of uterine atony?

A
  • abnormal labor
  • substantial enlargement of the uterus
  • uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)
40
Q

IV infusion of __ stimulates uterine contractions and decreases the possibility of uterine atony

A

Oxytocin

41
Q

What is one significant risk factor for placental calcification?

A

Smoking

42
Q

___ are a group of neoplasms, both benign and malignant, that arises from fetal tissue invading the maternal host.

A

Gestational trophoblastic disease–> tumors composed of trophoblastic tissue

43
Q

Malignant Gestational Trophoblastic Disease is diagnosed on the basis of elevated tumor markers, primarily ___

A

Beta-hCG

44
Q

The karyotype of this GTD is 46 XX (>90% paternal origin) or 46XY (paternal origin), has extensive hydropic villi, absent fetal tissue, and extensive trophoblastic hyperplasia with significant atypia

A

Complete mole

45
Q

The karyotype of this GTD is triploidy (>90%) or tetraploidy, maternal chromosomes are present and there is fetal tissue, has limited and focal hydropic villi, and focal with mild atypia trophoblastic hyperplasia

A

Partial mole

46
Q

This malignant GTD is an invasion into myometrium of edematous chorionic villi covered with layers of proliferative trophoblastic cells, beta-hCG is moderately elevated

A

Invasive mole

47
Q

___ is an admixture of malignant cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, with no villi

A

Choriocarcinoma

48
Q

Fertilization must be preceded by:

A
  • sperm maturation (epididymis)
  • sperm capacitation (female repro tract)–> physiological changes necessary to penetrate the egg: removal of some epididymal and seminal glycoproteins, increase in membrane permeability to Ca which Ca influx maximizes cAMP and increases sperm motility

Reproductive And Development (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions