Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Define parasitology

A

The branch of science concerned with the study of parasitic organisms

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2
Q

Define protozoa

A

A phylum of the kingdom Protista

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3
Q

Define helminth

A

A parasitic worm: the adult form is often visible to the naked eye but the eggs are microscopic and are the infectious/diagnostic form

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4
Q

Define dioecious

A

Having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals

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5
Q

Define monoecious

A

Having both the male and female reproductive organs in the same individual

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6
Q

Define arthropod

A

An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda (insects, arachnids, and crustaceans). Have segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs.

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7
Q

Define scolex

A

The head of the worm

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8
Q

Define proglottid

A

An individual hermaphroditic reproductive segment which, when they mature, fall off the tail of the cestode and dissolve, and the eggs inside are released.

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9
Q

Define strobila

A

The entire body of a cestode

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10
Q

Define ectoparasite

A

A parasite that lives on the outside of its host (e.g. fleas)

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11
Q

List the distinguishing characteristics of helminths

A

Large multicellular organisms usually visible to the naked eye in the adult stage. Can have elongated, flat, or round bodies.

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12
Q

List the distinguishing characteristics of nematodes.

A

Nematodes aka roundworms are round and non-segmented. Have complete digestive systems and are dioecious.

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13
Q

List the distinguishing characteristics of cestodes

A

Cestodes are tapeworms, which are a type of flat worms, and are flat and segmented. They’re monoecious and typically found in the digestive system.

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14
Q

List the distinguishing characteristics of trematodes

A

Trematodes are flukes, and are flat and non-segmented. They absorb food through a cuticle.

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15
Q

Describe a parasitic infection in which humans serve as a definitive host

A

A cestode called Taenia solium (pork tapeworm); the infective stage is the eggs, and the larvae hatch in the intestine and bore into the intestinal wall. They can produce tissue cysts called cysticerci.

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16
Q

Describe a parasitic infection in which humans serve as an intermediate host

A

Toxoplasmosis: humans are infected after consuming cysts or oocysts from contaminated food or water. Cats are the definitive host.

17
Q

Describe a parasitic infection in which humans serve as both a definitive and an intermediate host

A

Dirofilaria immitis: larvae can travel by mosquito and into a human, where the human becomes the definitive host, or another mosquito can bite that human and pick up the larvae, which can then mean the human is the intermediate host.

18
Q

Which group of medically relevant helminths is the genera Paragonimus in?

A

Trematodes (aka flukes)

19
Q

Which group of medically relevant helminths is the genera Taenia in?

A

Cestodes (aka tapeworms)

20
Q

Which group of medically relevant helminths is the genera Enterobius in?

A

Nematodes (roundworms)

21
Q

Which group of medically relevant helminths is the genera Dirofilaria in?

A

Nematodes (roundworms)

22
Q

List the methods commonly used to identify helminths in the lab

A

Cannot be cultured.
Gross examination of macroscopic morphology for adults, microscopic morphology for larvae and ova. Typical patient samples are stool, blood, sputum, or tissue biopsies.

23
Q

Define and identify arthropod vectors

A

Arthropods that carry pathogenic microorganisms. Arachnida (spiders, mites, ticks), Insecta (bees, flies, mosquitoes, lice), and Crustacea (crabs, crayfish).