Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MMG 2010 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

A selection of learning objective answers pulled from the lecture slides, textbook, and user Ayla Kennedy's MMG 2010 Lecture Exam 2 to be customized to the fall 2024 version of the course

1
Q

Describe the general structure and function of the nucleus

A

Holds genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the general structure and function of mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the general structure and function of a chloroplast

A

Holds chlorophyll; does photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the general structure and function of a ribosome

A

Synthesizes proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the general structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Lots of layers; rough ER synthesizes proteins and smooth ER synthesizes lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the general structure and function of the golgi apparatus

A

Vesicle that packages things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the general structure and function of a lysosome

A

Digests waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the general structure and function of the cytoskeleton

A

structure that helps the cell maintain its shape and internal organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define fungi

A

Any group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter; part of the Fungi kingdom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define yeast

A

A microscopic unicellular fungus; usually facultative anaerobes; that reproduce by budding and are capable of fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define mold

A

Usually aerobic multicellular filamentous fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define thallus

A

An organism with no apical growth (not differentiated into stem and leaves or whatever); lacks true roots and a vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define mycelium

A

The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define conidia

A

A spore in asexual or sexual reproduction that detaches from the parent and germinates into a new mold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define hypha

A

Long filament structures that absorb nutrients or are used for reproductive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define ascus

A

Sac containing ascospores (the reproductive spore of ascomycota)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Basidiospores

A

A sexually produced fungal spore from the phylum Basidiomycota

18
Q

Define Zygospores

A

A sexually produced fungal spore from the phylum Mucoromycota

19
Q

Define plasmogamy

A

haploid donor nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)

20
Q

Karyogamy

A

(+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form diploid zygote

21
Q

Meiosis

A

diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

22
Q

Mycosis

A

The stage of fungal sexual reproduction in which two haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote

23
Q

List the defining characteristics of fungi; differentiate fungi from bacteria

A

Fungi:
Eukaryotic
Sterols present in cell membrane
Cell walls contain chitin; glucans; mannans
Sexual and asexual reproductive spores
Metabolism: Limited to heterotrophic; aerobic, facultatively anaerobic

Bacteria:
Prokaryotic
Sterols absent, except in mycoplasma
Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
Endospores (not for reproduction); some asexual reproductive spores
Metabolism: Heterotrophic, autotrophic; aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, anaerobic

24
Q

medically important phyla

A

Mucoromycota
Microsporidia
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota

25
Q

Mucoromycota Reproduction

A

Produced asexually: sporangiospore
Produced sexually: zygospore

26
Q

Microsporidia Reproduction

A

Produced asexually: sporangiospore
Produced sexually: none observed

27
Q

Ascomycota Reproduction

A

Produced asexually: conidiospore
Produced sexually: ascospore

28
Q

Basidiomycota Reproduction

A

Produced asexually: conidiospores
Produced sexually: basidiospores

29
Q

Systemic mycoses

A

deep within the body, affecting tissues/organs

30
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

beneath the skin

31
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A

affect hair, skin, and nails

32
Q

Superficial mycoses

A

localized (e.g. hair shafts)

33
Q

Opportunistic mycoses

A

fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a compromised host

34
Q

Describe the life cycle of a Mucoromycete

A

Asexual: A hypha produces a sporangium, which bursts to release sporangiospores. A sporangiospore germinates and produces hyphae; a vegetative mycelium grows.

Sexual: Gametes form at the top of a hypha and plasmogamy occurs. A zygospore forms and karyogamy and meiosis occurs. The zygote produces a sporangium, which then releases spores, and the whole thing starts all over.

35
Q

Describe the life cycle of a Microsporidian

A

Only asexual reproduction: Sporangiospores are ingested or inhaled by an organism, and the spore injects a tube into the host cell. The spore’s cytoplasm and nucleus travels through the tube and into the host cell. The cytoplasm grows and the nuclei reproduce. The cytoplasm breaks up to form spores, which are then released by the cell.

36
Q

Describe the life cycle of an ascomycete

A

Asexual: a hypha produces a conidiophore, and conidia are released form it. A conidium germinates to produce a hyphae; vegetative mycelium grows.

Sexual: from the mycelium, plasmogamy occurs, then karyogamy (an ascus forms), then meiosis then mitosis. The ascus opens to release ascospores, and the ascospores can germinate to produce hyphae.

37
Q

Describe the life cycle of a basidiomycete

A

Asexual: A hyphal fragment breaks off vegetative mycelium, and the fragment grows to produce new mycelium.

Sexual: Plasmogamy occurs from the vegetative mycelium. A fruiting sturtuce (“mushroom”) develops. Karyogamy occurs, and Basidia form diploid nuclei. Basidiospores are formed by meiosis, then they mature and are discharged. They can germinate and produce hyphae.

38
Q

Yeasts

A

nonfilamentous and unicellular. Budding yeasts divide unevenly and fission yeasts divide evenly.

39
Q

Molds

A

multicellular filamentous fungi that are usually aerobic.

40
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

grow as molds below 37 degrees C and as yeast above.

41
Q

Explain how hyphae and spores relate to fungal growth

A

Spores can germinate to make hyphae, which can grow to create mycelium.

MMG 2010 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions