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Parasitology > Helminthes- intestinal flukes > Flashcards

Helminthes- intestinal flukes Flashcards

1
Q

Which fluke is the largest and most common intestinal fluke in humans?

A

fasciolopsis buski

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2
Q

What areas are more likely to have fasciolopsis buski?

A

Asia and Indian subcontinent, especially near pig farms and where humans eat freshwater plants

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3
Q

What are the hosts of fasciolpsis buski?

A

definitive: humans, dogs, pigs, rabbits
intermediate: water snail (1st) and aquatic vegetation (2nd)

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4
Q

Which plants are common second intermediate hosts of fasciolopsis buski?

A

lotus roots, bamboo shoots, water chestnuts

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5
Q

In what part of the body is fasciolopsis buski found?

A

the duodenum and jejunum of the small intestine

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of fasciolopsis buski infection?

A

discomfort, nausea, diarrhea (from gut inflammation)
obstruction of small intestine
immune sensitization in the form of edema in the face, abdomen, and lower limbs (rare)

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7
Q

How can a fasciolopsis buski infection be diagnosed?

A

microscopic identification of eggs in the feces. cannot be distinguished from fasciola hepatica (unembryonated with distinct operculum)

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8
Q

What can be used to treat fasciolopsis infection?

A

praziquantel

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9
Q

Where can the small intestinal fluke Heterophyes heteropyes be found?

A

Egypt, Middle East, and Far East

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10
Q

What are the hosts of Heterophyes heterophyes?

A

definitive: humans, dogs, cats, birds
intermediate: snail (1st) and fish (2nd)

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11
Q

What are the characteristic of Heterophyes heterophyes eggs?

A

indistinct opeculum, thick egg shell, embryonated (miracidium inside)

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12
Q

What is the pathology of Heterophyes heterophyes infection?

A

mild inflammatory response, mucosa and submucosa may become ulcerated. results in diarrhea and abdominal pain
rare: migration of eggs to heart (myocardial and valve damage) or other parts of the body

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13
Q

How can a heteropyes heterophyes infection be diagnosed?

A

microscopic identification of eggs.

cannot be distinguished from Metagonimus yokogawai eggs and resembles those of Clonorchis and Opisthorchis

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14
Q

Which drug can treat heterophyes heterophyes?

A

praziquantel

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15
Q

Where does the VERY small intestinal fluke Metagonimus yokogawai live in the world?

A

Far East, Siberia, Manchuria, Balkan states, Israel, Spain

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16
Q

What are the hosts of Metagonimus yokogawai?

A

definitive: humans, dogs, cats, canines
intermediate: water snail (1st) and fish (2nd)

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the egg of Metagonimus yokogawai?

A

inconspicuous operculum, embryonated

18
Q

What is the pathology of Metagonimus yokogawai?

A

mild inflammatory response in the mucosa of the small intestine
other symptoms caused by migration of eggs

19
Q

How can Metagonimus yokogawai infection be diagnosed?

A

same as heterophyes heterophyes

specific identification of adult fluke, but only if worms are removed

20
Q

What drug can treat Metagonimus yokogawai infection?

A

praziquantel

21
Q

Where can Echinostoma species be found?

A

worldwide, 10 known human species, frequently in Southeast Asia and where undercooked/raw freshwater snails, clams, and fish

22
Q

What is the common name for Echinostoma species?

A

spiny fluke

23
Q

What are the hosts of the spiny fluke?

A

definitive: humans, aquatic birds
intermediate: water snail (1st), and clam, snail, leech, fish or tadpole (2nd)

24
Q

What are some characteristics of the skiny fluke eggs?

A

vary in size depending on species, inconspicuous operculum, unembryonated in feces.
very similar to Fasciola and Fasciolopsis

25
Q

What is the pathology of spiny flukes?

A

causes chronic inflammation of small intestine caused by sharp spine puncturing the mucosal layer
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain in heavy infections
never death

26
Q

How can spiny fluke infection be diagnosed?

A

microscopic identification of eggs in species

must view adult to distinguish between species and Fasciola and Fasciolopsis species

27
Q

Which drugs treat spiny fluke infections?

A

praziquantel thymol, carbon tetrachloride, kamala, and bithionol

28
Q

Which fluke genus causes black spot disease in fish?

A

Neascus species

29
Q

Which fluke genus causes yellow grub disease in fish?

A

Clinostomum species

30
Q

Where do Neascus and Clinostomum species reside in the fish?

A

in the mouth (NOT intestines, liver, etc.)

31
Q

What is black spot disease?

A

When this species leaves the snail, it infects the fish and encysts into a dark pigmented form. the flukes themselves are actually white

32
Q

What is yellow grub?

A

parasite burrows in the muscle of the fish

Parasitology (25 decks)

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