HEENT Flashcards
what does HEENT stand for?
Head face and neck Eyes Ears Nose mouth Throat
swelling of the lymph nodes
lymphademia
opening between the upper and lower lid
Palpebral fissure
inner corner of eye, tear duct
Caruncle
what tube connects the ear and the nose?
Eustachian Tube
ear wax
Cerumen
What CN is involved with hearing? number function abnormal finding test
Vestibulocochlear VIII sense of earing, balance, equilibrium Diminished hearing Whispered voice test, hearing test
What CN is involved with smell? number function abnormal finding test
Olfactory I sense of smell Anosmia (unilateral) smell test (coffee, alcohol swab, cinnamon)
also known as smell blindness, is the loss of the ability to detect one or more smells
Anosmia
what structure warms and filters air in the nose?
Turbinates
What CN is involved with Taste? number function abnormal finding test
Facial, VII
Taste (anterior 2/3), sweet/ salty
altered taste
sweet/ salty test
Glassopharyngeal, IX
Taste (posterior 1/3), sour/ bitter
absence of gag reflex, altered taste
gag reflex, sour/ bitter test
Nasopharynx
the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate.
taste buds
papillae
what are the symptoms form meningitis?
stiff neck (espically when looking down), headache, fever
what are the symptoms form Meningitis?
stiff neck (espically when looking down), headache, fever
A mild to moderate headache often described as feeling like a tight band around the head.
Multiple factors can bring on this type of headache, including stress, inadequate sleep, and thigh muscles in the shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw.
Tension headache
Bouts of frequent attacks, may last from weeks to months, usually followed by long periods of remission. Pain is severe (stabbing), unilateral, usually behind the eye.
Cluster headaches
Build-up of pressure within the sinus cavities. Pain is centered behind the forehead and cheek bones
Sinus Headache
Headache caused by changes in the brain and blood vessels. Symptoms include pains, N/V, visual changes (sensitivity to light).
Migraine Headache
Describe how to tell the difference in CSF and blood from the ear
CSF is clear
A mixture of blood and CSF will have a halo around it if dropped onto fabric.
What is the first assessment done with a patient who has suffered a brain injury?
change in LOC
the perception of 2 images of a single object
Diplopia
Sudden “floaters” in the field of vision are concerning why?
Could indicate retinal detachment
if a patient is pulling on the ear complaining of pain what could this mean?
inner ear infection b/c it would hurt to pull if it was middle ear pain
what could indicate a foreign object in the ear?
Ear discharge: clear, bloody, purulent
nose bleed
epistaxis
ringing in the ears
tinnitus
Subjective data for headaches
OPQRSTU Frequency, duration Triggering factors Visual changes prior to onset Description of pain Associated symptoms: toothache, vision, neck stiffness What is done for treatment
Subjective data for Ear pain
OPQRSTU Related to infection of mouth, sinus, throat Pain pulling on ear Discharge (description of fluid) Infants: 1st one, frequency, smoking
Subjective data for Hearing loss
OPQRSTU Certain sounds that are difficult to hear Tinnitus Onset sudden or gradual Other symptoms (URI) Recent travel
URI
Upper respiratory infection
Subjective data for Throat
OPQRSTU
PND, infection, allergies
Others at home sick or just recovered
Children have a higher incidence of developing strep
PND
Post Nasal Drip
Subjective data for oral lesions
Onset Have you had this before where are the sores other symptoms (enlarged lymph nodes may be associated w/ CA or infection) Sores anywhere else?
Inspection of Head, Face and Neck
CN Test
Symmetry: eyes, eyebrows, ears, palpebral fissures, nasolabial folds, and sides of the mouth.
CN Test: Facial, VII- smile, frown, puff out cheeks, raise eyebrows, scowl
Trachea deformity
Thyroid: Goiter
“smile lines”
nasolabial folds
Palpation of head, face and neck
CN Test for each
Facial sensation
CN test: Trigeminal, V- light facial sensation w/ cotton ball
Temporal tenderness
Mastication
CN test: Trigeminal, V- palpate masseter during clenching
Trachea deformity
Shoulder Shrug
CN test: Accessory, XI- place hands on shoulders and ask to shrug. Rotate head Lft. and Rt. against resistance
Palpation of lymph nodes
order of nodes
Start at preauricular (infront of tragus), Postauricular (at mastoid process), Submandibular (under jaw), Submental (under apex of chin)
Normal node palpation
If you can feel them at all they should be movable, discrete, soft, and nontender
If nodes are enlarged, bilateral, warm, tender, and firm but freely movable for <14 days’ duration.
This is a sign of what?
Acute infection
If nodes are clumped together
This is a sign of what?
Chronic inflammation
If nodes feel like a rock, are unmovable, >3 cm, unilateral, nontender, matted (conglomerated), and fixed to adjacent structures.
This is a sign of what?
Cancer
Palpation and auscultation of the Thyroid Glad
Palpate from behind pt. checking for nodules
If there is goiter, auscultate. Use bell and listen for whooshing. Abnormal if present, indicating hyperplasia of thyroid
Bell’s Palsy vs Stroke
temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles controlled by CN VII. The entire side of the face will be effected.
In stoke the forehead is often not effected. In addition an arm may also lose movement.
the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.
hyperplasia
Inspection of the Eyes
Symmetry of brows and lashes, palpebral fissures, lids are not drooping, conjunctiva, sclera coloring, iris shape, pupils normal size- 3 to 5mm
Pupil condition in 5% of pop. one is larger than the other
Aniscoria
Diagnostic Positions test
What CN are being tested?
Cat whiskers test
Observe any EOMs
CN III (oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), VI (Abducen)- all are motor neurons
Visual Fields test
What CN are being tested?
Confrontation: bring fingers to peripheral of pt. and hold up fingers asking them to identify how many fingers you are holding up
CN II, Optic (vision)
Visual Acuity test
What CN are being tested?
Snellen Eye Chart, pt. stands 20ft away
CN II, Optic (vision)
Corneal Light reflex test
“sparkle in your eye” should be in the same place in each eye.
PERRLA
Pupils are Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accommodating