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Sam: Family Med I EOR > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Blepharitis is often associated with what skin disease?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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2
Q

How do you treat blepharitis?

A

Warm compresses and wash eyelids with baby shampoo

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3
Q

What do we call opacities of the natural lens of the eye due to progressive increase in the proportion of insoluble protein

A

Cataracts

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4
Q

What are some causes of cataracts?

A

smoking, UV light exposure, trauma, DM, and steroid use

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5
Q

What will you notice on PE if someone has cataracts?

A

Opacities and red reflex is lost

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6
Q

What virus is viral conjunctivitis caused by?

A

adenovirus

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7
Q

How does bacterial conjunctivitis typically present?

A

Copious purulent discharge – eyes may be glued shut on awakening

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8
Q

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Erythromycin ointment or azithro drops

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9
Q

How does a corneal abrasion present?

A

Pain and foreign body sensation

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10
Q

What is dacroadenitis?

A

Obstruction of the lacrimal duct

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11
Q

How do we treat both entropion and ectropion?

A

Surgery

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12
Q

How does open-angle glaucoma present?

A

Progressive peripheral field loss

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13
Q

What is a normal intraocular pressure?

A

less than 21

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14
Q

What is considered an ocular emergency?

A

Closed-angle glaucoma

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15
Q

How does closed-angle glaucoma present?

A

Sudden onset of PAIN with visual changes. Headache, haloes, N/V, injected conjunctiva, with fixed pupil

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16
Q

How do we treat closed-angle glaucoma?

A

emergency topical beta-blockers

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17
Q

What is another for a stye?

A

Hordeolum

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18
Q

degenerative disease affecting the macula

A

macular degeneration

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19
Q

How does macular degeneration present?

A

central vision loss

20
Q

What is pterygium?

A

Triangular conjunctival tissue; starts nasally –> cornea

21
Q

This is most often due to trauma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal neovascularization. Patient presents with floaters and flashers. Painless loss of vision. “curtain being drawn”

A

Retinal detachment – most common from posterior vitreous detachment

22
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in the US?

A

Diabetic retinopathy

23
Q

How do you treat diabetic retinopathy?

A

Optimized glucose control, regulation of BP, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy

24
Q

What are the most common offending bacterial agents for otitis media?

A

Strep pneumo, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis

25
Q

Schwann cell benign tumors affecting the 8th cranial nerve

A

Acoustic neuroma

26
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas

27
Q

Inability to equalize barometic pressure on the middle ear and is associated with eustachian tube dysfunction

A

Barotrauma

28
Q

What are some peripheral causes of vestibular dysfunction? central causes?

A

peripheral: labyrinthitis, BPPV, Meniere syndrome, acoustic neuroma, and head injury
central: CVA, tumors, MS, and migraine

29
Q

Are peripheral causes more likely to come on gradually or suddenly?

A

suddenly

30
Q

Dix-Hallpike maneuver is used to diagnose?

A

BPPV

31
Q

Lower range hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo – think of?

A

Meniere’s disease

32
Q

How do you treat Meniere’s?

A

low-sodium diet and diuretics (acetazolamide)

33
Q

What are the Rinne and Weber tests?

A

i don’t understand them. watch a youtube video.

34
Q

Spiking fever, postauricular pain, erythema, and a fluctuant painful mass behind the ear are symptoms of?

A

Mastoiditis

35
Q

how do you treat mastoiditis?

A

IV abx

36
Q

What are the four parts to the CENTOR criteria?

A
  1. Fever 2. Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy 3. tonsillar swelling/exudate 4. absence of cough
37
Q

How do we treat strep?

A

Oral PCN or cefuroxime

38
Q

Whats another name for canker sores?

A

Aphthous ulcers – round ulcers with yellow-gray centers and red halos

39
Q

What is the hallmark symptom of laryngitis?

A

hoarseness

40
Q

How do you treat Thrush?

A

oral nystatin or fluconazole

41
Q

Can thrush or leukoplakia be scraped off?

A

Thrush can, leukoplakia cannot

42
Q

Oral leukoplakia is often linked to what?

A

tobacco, alcohol, or denture use

43
Q

What are some signs of sinusitis?

A

Tenderness to palpation over the affected sinus, decreased light transmission with transillumination, and turbinate hypertrophy

44
Q

how do we treat a sinus infection?

A

Augmentin

45
Q

What is Samter’s triad?

A

asthma, nasal polyps, and ASA intolerance

46
Q

What is the treatment of choice for nasal polyps?

A

3 month course of topical nasal corticosteroids

Sam: Family Med I EOR (7 decks)

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