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Sam: Family Med I EOR > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic relapsing skin disorder than begins in childhood – IgE mediated. Presents with red, scaly, crusted, pruritic lesions.

A

Atopic dermatitis

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2
Q

How do we treat atopic dermatitis?

A

Topical steroids and antihistamines

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3
Q

This is known as cradle cap in infants and dandruff in adults.

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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4
Q

How do we treat dandruff?

A

Shampoos containing selenium or zinc and ketoconazole shampoo for acute flare-ups.

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5
Q

This often presents with edema, dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, fibrosis, and ulcerations.

A

Stasis dermatitis

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6
Q

How do we treat stasis dermatitis?

A

compression stockings, vascular bypass, stenting

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7
Q

This usually presents with pruritic vesicles over the palms, soles, and fingers. typically crack over a week or two.

A

Dyshidrotic eczema

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8
Q

This presents with patches that are usually raised, pink to red papules and plaques with distinct margins. Loosely adherent silvery scales. Mostly found on the scalp and exterior surfaces of the elbows and knees.

A

Psoriasis

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9
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

When you peel away a scale and it produces specks of bleeding from the capillaries

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10
Q

What type of psoriasis is most common and involves chronic recurring scaling papules and plaques.

A

Psoriasis vulgaris

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11
Q

This type of psoriasis is an acute eruption of typical and atypical lesions in a disseminated pattern (spares the palms and soles) and often appears after strep pharyngitis.

A

guttate psoriasis

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12
Q

This type of psoriasis is an abrupt, life threatening condition that is characterized by widespread pustules that coalesce to form lakes of pus, fever, malaise, and leukocytosis

A

Pustular psoriasis

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13
Q

How do we treat mild cases of psoriasis?

A

Topical corticosteroids and topical Vit D preparations

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14
Q

How do we diagnose a fungal skin infection?

A

KOH prep

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15
Q

What is a herald patch and what skin disorder is it associated with?

A

Herald patch is a solitary round or oval pink plaque with a raised border and fine adherent scales in the margin. Associated with pityriasis rosea.

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16
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea?

A

None – self-limiting (3-8 weeks)

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17
Q

This is caused by plugged follicles, retained sebum, bacterial overgrowth, and release of fatty acids.

A

Acne vulgaris

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18
Q

Open comedomes are usually white or blackheads?

A

Blackheads

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19
Q

This is a chronic skin disorder with facial flushing. Triggers include alcohol, sunlight, exercise, and extreme temps.

A

Rosacea

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20
Q

This type of rosacea is characterized by persistent flushing of central face, telangiectasis, roughness, scaling, and skin sensitivity.

A

Erythematotelangiectatic

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21
Q

This type of rosacea may look like acne due to papules/pustules.

A

Papulopustular rosacea

treat with topical metronidazole

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22
Q

This type of rosacea is characterizedd by tissue hypertrophy that distorts facial features

A

Phymatous

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23
Q

What type of rosacea consists of conjunctival hyperemia, blepharitis, hordeolum, and excessive tearing?

A

Ocular

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24
Q

How do you treat rosacea?

A

Avoid skin triggers, keep skin moisturized, sunblock and cleansing

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25
Q

This is commonly due to staph aureas – inflammation of hair follicles

A

Folliculitis

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26
Q

Is folliculitis painful?

A

Generally not – may burn

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27
Q

How do you treat folliculitis?

A

Gentle cleansing, mild compresses. Topical application fo clinda or erythro.

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28
Q

Small vesicles in a dermatomal pattern.

A

Herpes Simplex/Zoster

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29
Q

How can you confirm the diagnosis of herpes?

A

Tzank smear

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30
Q

How do you treat shingles?

A

Acyclovir + pain management

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31
Q

This presents with cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots (buccal mucosa).

A

Measles

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32
Q

What virus causes measles?

A

paramyxovirus

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33
Q

This presents with a low grade fever and URI symptoms. Later develop parotid gland swelling and orchitis. Elevated amylase.

A

Mumps

34
Q

This presents with occipital, post auricular, and post cervical lymphadenopathy. Forchheimer spots are seen on soft palate.

A

Rubella

35
Q

This disease follows a URI by bright red rash over the cheek. “Slapped cheek” and lacey reticular rash.

A

Erythema Infectiousum (Fifths disease)

36
Q

What virus causes fifths disease?

A

parvovirus B19

37
Q

This presents with a very high fever. After the fever resolves, a maculopapular rash develops that starts on the trunk and spreads to face/extremities.

A

Roseola (exanthem subitum)

38
Q

What virus causes Roseola?

A

herpes virus 6 and 7

39
Q

Characterized by acute, spreading inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

A

Cellulitis

40
Q

What is the most common cause of cellulitis?

A

Hemolytic streptococci and staph aureus

41
Q

This typically presents around the mouth, nose and cheek. HONEY CRUST.

A

Impetigo

42
Q

This disease is similar to cellulitis but has a raised, clear line of demarcation between infected and non-infected. Typically on face or ears.

A

Erysipelas

43
Q

Does erysipelas come on gradually or suddenly?

A

Suddenly

44
Q

This is typically found on obese people. It a disease of the apocrine gland.

A

Hydradentitis Suppurativa.

45
Q

Is hydradentitis suppurativa related to hair follicles?

A

NOPE

46
Q

How do you treat hydradentitis suppurativa?

A

I and D – excision of sinus tracts + PO abx for 2 weeks

47
Q

How do we treat head lice?

A

1% premethrine rinse.

48
Q

How is head lice spread?

A

By contact.

49
Q

This presents with intense itching that spares the head and neck. Typically found between the fingers and other places there is no hair.

A

Scabies

50
Q

How do we treat scabies?

A

5% premethrine cream

51
Q

This type of spider bite will present with muscle cramps and aching

A

Black widow

52
Q

What type of spider bite will present with necrosis of the skin?

A

Brown recluse

53
Q

What type of skin neoplasm presents with a nodule appearance, pearly papule (that ulcerates), with a talangeictatic vessel. “Rolled borders”

A

Basal cell carcinoma

54
Q

Does basal cell carcinoma typically metastasize?

A

No

55
Q

This neoplasm presents with a scaly, erythematous papule or plaque + ulcer that fails to heal and continues to grow

A

Squamous cell

56
Q

Do squamous cell carcinoma metastasize?

A

Yes – high risk

57
Q

What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

58
Q

These are a pre-cancerous squamous cell carcinoma. Present with an erythematous scaling macule or papule in sun exposed areas.

A

Actinic Keratosis

59
Q

How do we treat vulvovaginitis?

A

Fluconazole

60
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

Fungal infection of the nail

61
Q

How do we treat onychomycosis?

A

Terbinafine x 12 weeks

62
Q

This presents with target-like lesions, fever, weakness, and malaise. Can be induced by drugs and infections.

A

Erythema multiforme.

63
Q

This is characterized by a mucocutaneous blistering reaction most often caused by a drug reaction

A

Stevens-Johnson-Syndrome

64
Q

What is the Nikolsky sign?

A

sloughing of skin

65
Q

What is a severe variant of SJS?

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

66
Q

What percentage of the body needs to be affected to be diagnosed with TEN?

A

30%

67
Q

This presents most commonly from a food or drug allergy. Lesions are pruritic, may sting or burn, but should not be painful.

A

Urticaria

68
Q

How do we treat urticaria?

A

Self-limiting, H1 antihistamines

69
Q

What disease results in depigmented patches?

A

Vitiligo – destruction of melanocytes

70
Q

What is vitiligo often associated with?

A

thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, DM, and addison’s disease

71
Q

What type of burn is dry, red, painful, and does not blister?

A

Superficial

72
Q

What type of burn is red, moist, painful, blanches and blisters?

A

Superficial partial thickness

73
Q

What type of burn is white, and not painful?

A

Deep partial thickness

74
Q

Do deep partial thickness burns blanch? can you feel pressure?

A

No blanching, can feel pressure

75
Q

This type of burn is waxy white and leathery. Is completely painless.

A

Full thickness

76
Q

What are some examples of burns that require a transfer to a burn unit?

A

Circumferential burns

burns crossing joints

burns that involve the hand, face, feet, genitalia, and perineum

77
Q

what type of fluid do we give burn victims?

A

Lactated Ringers

78
Q

What is the formula to determine how much LR to give to a burn victim?

A

4ml/kg x BSA% in 24 hours

Half is given in first 8 hours, remainder is given over the following 16

79
Q

using the rule of 9’s, what percentage is each leg?

A

18 percent

80
Q

using the rule of 9’s, what percentage is each arm (front and back)?

A

9 percent

Sam: Family Med I EOR (7 decks)

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