Cardiology Flashcards
Postural hypotension is defined as greater than _____ mmHg drop in systolic BP and a drop of greater than ____ in diastolic BP.
20 systolic, 10 diastolic
What leads represent an inferior wall MI?
Leads II, III, aVF
What leads represent a lateral wall MI?
I, aVL, V5, and V6
What leads represent an anterior wall MI?
V1-v6
You cannot diagnose a STEMI in the presence of what 3 things?
LVH, LBBB, WPW
What is prinzmetal angina?
chest discomfort occurs at rest
Is EF normal in diastolic or systolic heart failure?
Diastolic
Increased JVP, edema, and hepatomegaly are symptoms of right or left sided heart failure
Right
what type of medication reduces preload?
Diuretics
what type of medication reduces afterload?
ACE-inhibitors
irregularly irregular rhythm
atrial fibrillation
if a patient presents in a fib and is hemodynamically unstable, what should you do?
cardioversion
“saw tooth” pattern
atrial flutter
what type or heart block has a long PR interval (and nothing else)?
First Degree
What type of heart block has a progressively lengthening PR interval, until it fails to produce a p wave and QRS complex.
Mobitz 1/Wenckebach
What type of heart block will have a dropped QRS complex, but no lengthening of the PR interval.
Mobitz 2
What type of heart block has p waves independent from the QRS complex?
Type 3
What type of arrhythmia is described as HR greater than 100, regular, narrow QRS, and the patient can tell you when it starts and stops
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
How do we treat PSVT?
stable vagal maneuvers (Valsalva or carotid massage), Adenosine, or CCB
Most ventricular arrhythmias start as a _______.
PVC
What is the most common cause of Torsades de Points?
Hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia
What is the most common identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients?
Ventricular fibrillation
if a patient is having stable, sustained v tach – what medication do we give?
Amiodarone
What type of arrhythmia alternates between tachy and bradyarrhythmias?
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Squatting, leg raise, hand grip will increase afterload/preload in all murmurs EXCEPT?
mitral valve prolapse
What three valvular diseases cause holosystolic murmurs?
mitral regurg, tricupsid regurg, and VSD
What valvular disease is often associated with rheumatic fever or heart failure?
Mitral regurg
What are the two most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
idiopathic and alcohol
Is dilated cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
Systolic
This type of cardiomyopathy is associated with sudden death
hypertrophic
Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
Diastolic
Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemachromatosis, scleroderma, and metastatic cancers are all causes of what type of cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive
What size AAA warrants surgery?
5.5cm and up
How do we treat venous insufficiency?
Compression and leg elevation
What population is at risk for developing acute infective endocarditis?
IV drug users
Janeway lesions and Oslar nodes are associated with?
endocarditis
The Jones Criteria is used to evaluate what?
Rheumatic fever
What is Beck’s triad and what is it associated with?
Cardiac Tamponade
Low BP, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds
how will pericarditis and cardiac tamponade look different on echo?
Pericarditis will have a pericardial effusion with NO wall motion abnormalities
Tamponade will have pericardial effusion with diastolic right heart chamber collapse
What is the gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis?
Endomyocardial biopsy
What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?
COPD
What is cor pulmonale?
right-sided heart failure
