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Sam: Family Med I EOR > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Postural hypotension is defined as greater than _____ mmHg drop in systolic BP and a drop of greater than ____ in diastolic BP.

A

20 systolic, 10 diastolic

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2
Q

What leads represent an inferior wall MI?

A

Leads II, III, aVF

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3
Q

What leads represent a lateral wall MI?

A

I, aVL, V5, and V6

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4
Q

What leads represent an anterior wall MI?

A

V1-v6

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5
Q

You cannot diagnose a STEMI in the presence of what 3 things?

A

LVH, LBBB, WPW

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6
Q

What is prinzmetal angina?

A

chest discomfort occurs at rest

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7
Q

Is EF normal in diastolic or systolic heart failure?

A

Diastolic

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8
Q

Increased JVP, edema, and hepatomegaly are symptoms of right or left sided heart failure

A

Right

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9
Q

what type of medication reduces preload?

A

Diuretics

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10
Q

what type of medication reduces afterload?

A

ACE-inhibitors

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11
Q

irregularly irregular rhythm

A

atrial fibrillation

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12
Q

if a patient presents in a fib and is hemodynamically unstable, what should you do?

A

cardioversion

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13
Q

“saw tooth” pattern

A

atrial flutter

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14
Q

what type or heart block has a long PR interval (and nothing else)?

A

First Degree

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15
Q

What type of heart block has a progressively lengthening PR interval, until it fails to produce a p wave and QRS complex.

A

Mobitz 1/Wenckebach

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16
Q

What type of heart block will have a dropped QRS complex, but no lengthening of the PR interval.

A

Mobitz 2

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17
Q

What type of heart block has p waves independent from the QRS complex?

A

Type 3

18
Q

What type of arrhythmia is described as HR greater than 100, regular, narrow QRS, and the patient can tell you when it starts and stops

A

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

19
Q

How do we treat PSVT?

A

stable vagal maneuvers (Valsalva or carotid massage), Adenosine, or CCB

20
Q

Most ventricular arrhythmias start as a _______.

A

PVC

21
Q

What is the most common cause of Torsades de Points?

A

Hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia

22
Q

What is the most common identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

23
Q

if a patient is having stable, sustained v tach – what medication do we give?

A

Amiodarone

24
Q

What type of arrhythmia alternates between tachy and bradyarrhythmias?

A

Sick Sinus Syndrome

25
Q

Squatting, leg raise, hand grip will increase afterload/preload in all murmurs EXCEPT?

A

mitral valve prolapse

26
Q

What three valvular diseases cause holosystolic murmurs?

A

mitral regurg, tricupsid regurg, and VSD

27
Q

What valvular disease is often associated with rheumatic fever or heart failure?

A

Mitral regurg

28
Q

What are the two most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

idiopathic and alcohol

29
Q

Is dilated cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

Systolic

30
Q

This type of cardiomyopathy is associated with sudden death

A

hypertrophic

31
Q

Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

Diastolic

32
Q

Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemachromatosis, scleroderma, and metastatic cancers are all causes of what type of cardiomyopathy?

A

Restrictive

33
Q

What size AAA warrants surgery?

A

5.5cm and up

34
Q

How do we treat venous insufficiency?

A

Compression and leg elevation

35
Q

What population is at risk for developing acute infective endocarditis?

A

IV drug users

36
Q

Janeway lesions and Oslar nodes are associated with?

A

endocarditis

37
Q

The Jones Criteria is used to evaluate what?

A

Rheumatic fever

38
Q

What is Beck’s triad and what is it associated with?

A

Cardiac Tamponade

Low BP, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds

39
Q

how will pericarditis and cardiac tamponade look different on echo?

A

Pericarditis will have a pericardial effusion with NO wall motion abnormalities

Tamponade will have pericardial effusion with diastolic right heart chamber collapse

40
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis?

A

Endomyocardial biopsy

41
Q

What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?

A

COPD

42
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

right-sided heart failure

Sam: Family Med I EOR (7 decks)

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