GI/Nutrition

Question 1

“birds beak” on barium swallow

Answer 1

Achalasia

Question 2

Dilations of the veins of the esophagus – generally at distal end. Caused by portal hypertension from cirrhosis.

Answer 2

Esophageal varices

Question 3

This occurs from forceful vomiting or retching, causing hematemesis. Often associated with alcohol use.

Answer 3

Mallory-Weiss tear

Question 4

What commonly presents with epigastric pain, especially after eating. Can present as indigestion, nausea, or cough.

Answer 4

GERD

Question 5

This is similar to GERD, but worse. Pain is common on an empty stomach and is relieved with food. More likely to have nausea.

Answer 5

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Question 6

How do we treat H. pylori?

Answer 6

PPI + Clarithromycin + Metronidazole

Question 7

Out of Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E – which are transmitted by bodily fluids and which are transmitted by fecal oral?

Answer 7

B, C, D – bodily fluids

A, E – fecal oral

Question 8

When testing for Hep B, if the patient has a positive surface antigen and IgM, what does that mean?

Answer 8

they have an active infection

Question 9

What does it mean if a patient has a positive core antibody?

Answer 9

they either have the infection or have had it in the past

Question 10

What if patient has a positive surface antibody?

Answer 10

They have either been vaccinated or had Hep B in the past

Question 11

What are the most common causes of cirrhosis?

Answer 11

Hep C and alcoholism

Question 12

How do patients with acute cholecystitis typically present?

Answer 12

RUQ pain, fever. Pain may radiate to the right shoulder. Pain worse after a fatty meal.

Question 13

Someone with cholecystitis will show what on ultrasound?

Answer 13

stone in the cystic duct.

Question 14

What are the 5 F’s associated with cholelithiasis?

Answer 14

Female, Fat, Fair, Fertile, Forty

Question 15

Where is the location of the stone if someone has choledocolithiasis?

Answer 15

common bile duct

Question 16

What are our “go-to” antibiotics for diverticulitis?

Answer 16

Cipro and Flagyl

Question 17

What type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease is associated with skip lesions, fistulas, and trash cans full of shit.

Answer 17

Crohn’s

Question 18

True or False, Ulcerative colitis is only in the colon.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the two main causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 19

Alcohol and cholelithiasis

Question 20

Is lipase or amylase more sensitive for pancreatitis?

Answer 20

Lipase

Question 21

How do we treat pancreatitis?

Answer 21

NPO, pain meds, IV fluids

Question 22

what is the triad for chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 22

pancreatic calcification, steatorrhea, and diabetes

Question 23

How do we treat infectious diarrhea?

Answer 23

Cipro

Question 24

What is the most common cause of bowel obstructions?

Answer 24

post-op adhesions

Question 25

What is Borchadt’s triad?

Answer 25

abdominal pain, vomiting, and inability to pass NG tube

Question 26

what does a bowel obstruction look like on x-ray?

Answer 26

dilated loops with air fluid levels

Question 27

what are some alarming signs of a esophageal neoplasm?

Answer 27

dysphagia, odynophagia, or anemia

Question 28

What is usually the cause of appendicitis?

Answer 28

obstruction of the lumen from fecolith

Question 29

How do you treat a pilonidal cyst?

Answer 29

I and D

Question 30

What makes a grade 4 hemorrhoid different form a grade 1, 2, or 3.

Answer 30

Grade 4 hemorrhoids are not reducible.

Question 31

How do you treat hemorrhoids?

Answer 31

Increase fiber/fluids. Topical steroids. Some grade 4 hemorrhoids will require surgery.

Question 32

what is the definitive test to diagnose lactose intolerance?

Answer 32

lactose hydrogen breath test

Question 33

What is the most common symptom of B12 deficiency?

Answer 33

peripheral neuropathy

Question 34

Do direct or indirect hernias pass into the scrotum?

Answer 34

Indirect

Question 35

Are femoral hernias more common in men or women?

Answer 35

Women