GI/Nutrition Flashcards
“birds beak” on barium swallow
Achalasia
Dilations of the veins of the esophagus – generally at distal end. Caused by portal hypertension from cirrhosis.
Esophageal varices
This occurs from forceful vomiting or retching, causing hematemesis. Often associated with alcohol use.
Mallory-Weiss tear
What commonly presents with epigastric pain, especially after eating. Can present as indigestion, nausea, or cough.
GERD
This is similar to GERD, but worse. Pain is common on an empty stomach and is relieved with food. More likely to have nausea.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
How do we treat H. pylori?
PPI + Clarithromycin + Metronidazole
Out of Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E – which are transmitted by bodily fluids and which are transmitted by fecal oral?
B, C, D – bodily fluids
A, E – fecal oral
When testing for Hep B, if the patient has a positive surface antigen and IgM, what does that mean?
they have an active infection
What does it mean if a patient has a positive core antibody?
they either have the infection or have had it in the past
What if patient has a positive surface antibody?
They have either been vaccinated or had Hep B in the past
What are the most common causes of cirrhosis?
Hep C and alcoholism
How do patients with acute cholecystitis typically present?
RUQ pain, fever. Pain may radiate to the right shoulder. Pain worse after a fatty meal.
Someone with cholecystitis will show what on ultrasound?
stone in the cystic duct.
What are the 5 F’s associated with cholelithiasis?
Female, Fat, Fair, Fertile, Forty
Where is the location of the stone if someone has choledocolithiasis?
common bile duct
What are our “go-to” antibiotics for diverticulitis?
Cipro and Flagyl
What type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease is associated with skip lesions, fistulas, and trash cans full of shit.
Crohn’s
True or False, Ulcerative colitis is only in the colon.
True
What are the two main causes of pancreatitis?
Alcohol and cholelithiasis
Is lipase or amylase more sensitive for pancreatitis?
Lipase
How do we treat pancreatitis?
NPO, pain meds, IV fluids
what is the triad for chronic pancreatitis?
pancreatic calcification, steatorrhea, and diabetes
How do we treat infectious diarrhea?
Cipro
What is the most common cause of bowel obstructions?
post-op adhesions
What is Borchadt’s triad?
abdominal pain, vomiting, and inability to pass NG tube
what does a bowel obstruction look like on x-ray?
dilated loops with air fluid levels
what are some alarming signs of a esophageal neoplasm?
dysphagia, odynophagia, or anemia
What is usually the cause of appendicitis?
obstruction of the lumen from fecolith
How do you treat a pilonidal cyst?
I and D
What makes a grade 4 hemorrhoid different form a grade 1, 2, or 3.
Grade 4 hemorrhoids are not reducible.
How do you treat hemorrhoids?
Increase fiber/fluids. Topical steroids. Some grade 4 hemorrhoids will require surgery.
what is the definitive test to diagnose lactose intolerance?
lactose hydrogen breath test
What is the most common symptom of B12 deficiency?
peripheral neuropathy
Do direct or indirect hernias pass into the scrotum?
Indirect
Are femoral hernias more common in men or women?
Women
