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Physical Science > Heat and States of Matter > Flashcards

Heat and States of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

explains how particles of matter behave

A

kinetic theory

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2
Q

all matter is composed of

A

particles

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3
Q

particles are always in constant random

A

motion

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4
Q

related to the average kinetic energy of an objects atoms/molecules

A

temperature

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5
Q

SI unit for temperature

A

kelvin

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6
Q

define temperature

A

measure of average kinetic energy of a substances particles

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7
Q

change in thermal energy equation

A

Q=cmt

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8
Q

what are the four states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

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9
Q

what is heat

A

form of energy that includes both temp and the amount of material

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10
Q

thermal energy?

A

sum of kinetic and potential energies

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11
Q

heat of fusion

A

the amount of heat absorbed or release when something melts or freezes

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12
Q

what is thermal expansion

A

when an object is heated its particles move faster and become less dense causing the object to expand

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13
Q

ways to transfer thermal energy

A

conduction, convection radiation

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14
Q

conduction?

A

direct contact

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15
Q

convection

A

change in temp… flow

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16
Q

radiation

A

vacuum… transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (doesn’t require matter)

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17
Q

thermal conductors?

A

transfers energy easily

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18
Q

thermal insulators?

A

traps heat/energy

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19
Q

the temp at which the pressure in the liquid of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on its surface

A

boiling point

20
Q

when a gas changes to a liquid

A

condensation

21
Q

when a liquid changes to a gas

A

vaporization

22
Q

when a liquid changes to a solid

A

freezing

23
Q

when a solid changes to a liquid

A

melting

24
Q

equation for density

A

D=m/v

25
Q

the differences in densities between warmer and cooler fluids cause?

A

convection currents

26
Q

how are thermal insulators used to control the transfer of thermal energy

A

it is the process of trapping heat

27
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy is neither created of destroyed. law of conservation of matter

28
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

its impossible for thermal energy to flow from a cool object to a warmer object unless work is done. increased entropy

29
Q

how does an internal combustion engine convert thermal energy into mechanical energy

A

gas goes into intake stoke, piston moves down then back up… gas touched spark plug, creating power strike and thermal energy. gas goes back down which opens the exhaust valve and smoke releases. process occurs rapidly

30
Q

how does the entropy of the universe change when any event occurs

A

in nature there is no work, so it is increasing

31
Q

what is entropy

A

measure of how spread out energy is. it always increases

32
Q

third law of thermodynamics

A

“absolute zero”if an object draws energy it can never be at absolute zero. not physically possible

33
Q

the process when something is heated with out any work being done. the sun is used to heat structures

A

passive solar

34
Q

when work is being done to heat/use energy of something. solar panels

A

active solar

35
Q

the transfer of thermal energy by convection and conduction both require what

A

matter

36
Q

specific heat?

A

the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temp of 1kg by 1c of some material

37
Q

what do the values of specific heat mean

A

the higher values mean the material requires more thermal energy to raise temp

38
Q

kinetic energy

A

form of energy an object has by reason of motion

39
Q

as particles move farther apart, their potential energy…

A

increases (stored energy that depends on the distance between particles)

40
Q

mechanical energy

A

sum of potential and kinetic energy

41
Q

heat engine

A

a device that turns thermal energy into work (not 100% efficient)

42
Q

heat pump

A

two way heat mover (like a window AC unit)

43
Q

what is the heat of vaporization?

A

amount of energy released when a substance changes from a gas > liquid / liquid > gas

44
Q

what is heat of fusion?

A

energy released when a substance changes from liquid > solid or solid > liquid

45
Q

difference between heat mover and heat pump?

A

Heat mover only goes one way, heat pump goes two ways (cold to hot or hot to cold)

Physical Science (9 decks)

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