Final exam Flashcards
What is instantaneous speed?
The speed of an object at a particular moment (instant) in time
What is constant speed?
When the speed of an object remains the same it does not increase or decrease
What is average speed?
The average speed is the total distance traveled by the object in a time period
What is velocity?
A vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion.
What is average velocity?
The change in position or displacement divided by the time intervals in which the displacement occurs
What is the numerical value for acceleration to gravity?
9.8 m/s^2
What is Newton’s first law?
A ball at rest on the ground continues to be at rest until any external force acts on it
What is Newton’s second law?
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass
What is Newton’s third law?
For every action there is an opposite reaction and forces come in pairs
What is the SI unit for momentum?
kg m/s
What is the momentum equation?
p = mv p = momentum m = mass v = velocity
What are the nine different types of energy?
Chemical energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, sound energy, light energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and elastic potential energy
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed only converted from one form of energy to another
What are all the moon phases?
new Moon waxing, crescent Moon, first quarter Moon, waxing gibbous Moon, full Moon, waning gibbous Moon, last quarter Moon, waning crescent Moon
What are the features of Earth’s moon?
Craters form when asteroids hit the surface of the Moon and the small lava pools are called the Maria
What is a solar eclipse?
Moon is between the Earth and Sun
What is a lunar eclipse?
Earth is between the Moon and Sun
What two planets absorb methane and what is their color?
Uranus and Neptune have a turquoise blue appearance from the methane
What did Ptolemy believe?
Every planet revolves around the Earth (Geocentric)
What did Copernicus believe?
Every planet revolves around the Sun (Heliocentric)
What did Galileo believe?
Earth and all other planets revolve around the Sun
What is a meteor, meteorite, and meteoroid?
Meteorite - A rock that falls to Earth from space
Meteor - A rock that is crashing through Earth’s atmosphere
Meteoroid - A rock in space orbiting the sun