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Anatomy Exam 2 > heart vasculature and innervation > Flashcards

heart vasculature and innervation Flashcards

1
Q

coronary arteries

A
  • supply the myocardium and epicardium
  • supply blood to heart tissues
  • originated from aorta
  • right and left cornary artery
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2
Q

what do the right and left coronary arteries arise from?

A

right and left aortic sinuses

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3
Q

right coronary artery

A

-Right marginal artery

–Posterior interventricular artery

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4
Q

what will the posterior interventricular artery give rise to?

A

atrioventricular nodal artery

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5
Q

left coronary artery

A
  • circumflex artery

- anterior interventricular artery

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6
Q

coronary arteries are ____ end arteries

A

functionally

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7
Q

end artery definition

A

=(terminal artery)

an artery that is only supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue portion

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8
Q

Characteristics of end artery

A
  • do not anastomose with other arteries or arterial branches of the same artery.
  • branches are not true end arteries
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9
Q

why do end arteries not have true branches?

A

because numerous anastomoses take place between the left and right coronary arteries (intercoronary anastomoses)…and between branches of the same artery

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10
Q

coronary arteries send branches to what?

A

heart on either side of their path and to any portion of septum dep to their path

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11
Q

coronary arteries blood supply is easy to deduce with exception of what?

A

SA and AV node

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12
Q

right coronary artery contains what 4 branches?

A
  1. SA nodal
  2. Right marginal
  3. AV nodal
  4. Posterior interventricular
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13
Q

right coronary artery supplies what?

A

-right atrium
- right ventricle
- post. 1/3 interventricular spetum
SV and AV nodes

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14
Q

left coronary artery contains what 2 branches?

A
  1. anterior interventricular

2. circumflex

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15
Q

left coronary artery supplies what?

A
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
  • portion of right ventricle
  • interventricular spetum (ant. 2/3)
  • AV node
  • SV node (40% of pop from circumflex)
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16
Q

SA nodal artery

A
  • right coronary artery
  • SA nodal a.
  • right marginal a.
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17
Q

coronary artery dominance

A

artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

codominance

A

both right and left coronary arteries give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove occurs in about 18%

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19
Q

coronary artery variations

A
  • right dominant
  • left dominant
  • right dominant: no circumflex
  • left dominant: no right coronary artery
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20
Q

coronary atherosclerosis

A

lipid deposits in intima (lining) of coronary arteries

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21
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment

A
  • balloon angioplasty
  • surgical therapy
  • lifestyle changes
  • medications
22
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A
  • sudden occlusion of a major artery (by an embolus)

- region of heart supplied by occluded vessels become infarcted and necrotic

23
Q

infarcted

A

rendered bloodless

24
Q

myocardial infarction cause

A

coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis

25
Q

how is the heart mainly drained?

A

by veins that empty into the coronary sinus

26
Q

where do anterior cardiac veins drain directly into?

A

right atrium

27
Q

coronary sinus runs towards what and drains where?

A

right side of the heart and drains into the right atrium

28
Q

location of SA node

A

located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava and superior end of the crista terminals

29
Q

function of SA node in conducting system of the heart

A

initiates cardiac muscle contraction and determines heart rate

30
Q

location of AV node

A

interatrial septum just superior to the coronary sinus opening

31
Q

AV bundle

A

passes from the AV node in the membranous part of the interventricular septum and divides into right and left bundle branches

32
Q

conducting system

A
  • network of specialized tissue that stimulates contraction
  • modified cardiac myocytes
  • heart can contract without any innervation
33
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

carry signal into papillary muscle to coordinate their contraction with systole

34
Q

preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies location

A

lateral horns of spinal cord segments T1-T5

35
Q

In sympathetic cardiac innervation, postsynaptic fibers are carried by what?

A
  • carried in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
  • contributing to the cardiac plexus and ending in the SA and AV nodes and in relation to the termination of parasympathetic fibers on the coronary arteries.
36
Q

sympathetic innervation

A

responsible for increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heartbeat, and blood flow in coronary arteries

37
Q

parasympathetic stimulation

A

responsible for decreasing heart rate, force of contraction, and constricting coronary arteries

38
Q

how is the parasympathetic innervated?

A

via preganglionic fibers in the vagus nerve

39
Q

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers

A

contribute to cardiac plexuses

40
Q

postganglionic cells locations

A

in cardiac tissue

41
Q

where do postsynaptic fibers end?

A

SA and AV nodes & directly on the coronary arteries

42
Q

Visceral pain pathway follows what path?

A

heart follow the path of the sympathetics backward.

43
Q

Visceral sensory pathways

A
  • can participate in reflex actions that lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate are carried in the vagus nerve (CN X).
  • The vagus nerve does not transmit any visceral pain fibers originating in the heart.
44
Q

does the vagus nerve transmit any visceral pain?

A

no.

45
Q

what 3 vessels does the umbilical cord contain?

A

2 umbilical arteries

1 umbilical vein

46
Q

2 umbilical arteries

A
  • carry unoxygenated blood awayfrom the fetus.
  • become the medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall. They are branches of the internal iliac arteries.
47
Q

1 umbilical vein

A
  • carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

- drains into the ducutus venosus which drains into the IVC and bypasses the liver.

48
Q

blood flow that ultimately circulates to the fetus’ head, neck, and upper extremities.?

A

Blood from the inferior vena cava flows into the right atrium, toward the foramen ovale and into the left atrium.

49
Q

Blood from the superior vena cava flows into (fetal circulation)

A

the right atrium, toward the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

50
Q

blood flow that ultimately circulates to the fetus’ thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities.

A

Blood in the pulmonary trunk is shunted to the aorta via the ductus arteriosus.

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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