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NPTAE Cardiopulmonary > Heart & Vascular Disease Phamarcology > Flashcards

Heart & Vascular Disease Phamarcology Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents: Action and Side Effects

A

A: reduce peripheral vascular tone by blocking alpha1-adrenergic receptors

S/E: dizziness, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness

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2
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents: Indications

A

hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia (noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland)

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3
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents: PT Implications

A

use caution during prone-sit/ sit-stand due to risk of dizziness/ orthostatic hypotension
closely monitor pt during ther ex

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4
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents: Examples

A

cardura, minipress

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5
Q

Antiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Agents: Action & Side Effects

A

A: decrease BP and afterload by suppressing enxyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

S/E: hypotension, dizziness, cry cough, hyperkalemia (abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood), hyponatremia (low sodium concentration in the blood)

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6
Q

ACE Inhibitor Agents: Indications

A

hypertension, congestive heart failure

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7
Q

ACE Inhibitor Agents: PT implications

A

avoid sudden changes in posture due to dizzinees/fainting from hypotension
pts w/ heart failure should avoid rapid increases in physical activity

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8
Q

ACE Inhibitor Agents: Examples

A

Capoten, Vasotec

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9
Q

Anticoagulant Agents: Action and Side Effects

A

A: inhibit platelet aggregation & thrombus formation

S/E: hemorrhage, increased risk of bleeding, gastrointestinal distress w/ oral meds

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10
Q

Anticoagulant Agents: Indications

A

post percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty & coronary artery bypass graft surgery
prevention of venous thromboembolism/ cardioembolic events in pts w/ atrial fib & prosthetic heart valves

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11
Q

Anticoagulant Agents: PT implications

A

therapist must be careful to avoid injury 2nd to risk of excessive bleeding/bruising
pt education regarding common S/E

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12
Q

Anticoagulant Agents: Examples

A

Heparin, Coumadin

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13
Q

Antihyperlipidemia Agents: Actions and Side Effects

A

A: 5 categories- most common = statins inhibit cholesteral synthesis, breakdown low-density lipoprotiens (LDL), decrease triglyceride levels, increase HDL levels

S/E: headaches, gastrointestinal distress, myalgia (pain in a muscle/ group of muscles), rash

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14
Q

Antihyperlipidemia Agents: Indications

A

hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevent coronary events in pts w/ existing coronary artery disease/ diabetes/ PVD

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15
Q

Antihyperlipidemia Agents: PT implications

A

aerobic exercise can increase HDL and maximize effects of drug therapy

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16
Q

Antihyperlipidemia Agents: Examples

A

Lipitor, Zocor

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17
Q

Antithrombotic (aka Antiplatelet) Agents: Action & Side Effects

A

A: inhibit platelet aggregation & clot formation

S/E: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia (deficiency of platelets in the blood), potential liver toxicity w/ aspirin use, gastrointestinal distress

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18
Q

Antithrombotic (aka Antiplatelet) Agents: Indications

A

post MI, atrial fib, prevent arterial thrombus formation

19
Q

Antithrombotic (aka Antiplatelet) Agents: PT implications

A

be careful to avoid injury 2nd to risk of excessive bleeding

pt education about common side effects

20
Q

Antithrombotic (aka Antiplatelet) Agents: Examples

A

Aspirin, Plavix

21
Q

Beta Blocker (Beta-Adrenergic Blocking) Agents: Actions & Side Effects

A

A: decrease myocardial O2 demand by decreasing heart rate & contractility via ß-adrenergic receptors

S/E: bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, fatigue, depression, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision

22
Q

Beta Blocker Agents: Indications

A

hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, heart failure, migraines, essential tremor (benign rhythmic shaking)

23
Q

Beta Blocker Agents: PT Implications

A

HR and BP response to exercise will be diminished
Rate of perceived exertion may be used to monitor intensity
Monitor pts closely during position changes due to increased risk for orthostatic hypotension

24
Q

Beta Blocker Agents: Examples

A

Tenormin, Lopressor, Inderal

25
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Agents: Actions & Side Effects

A

A: decrease entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells = diminished myocardial contraction, vasodilation, decreased O2 demand from heart

S/E: dizziness, headache, hypotension, peripheral edema

26
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Agents: Indications

A

hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure

27
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Agents: PT implications

A

Diminished HR and BP response to exercise
Monitor pt when moving to upright position 2nd to dizziness/ orthostatic hypotension
Observe pt for signs of congestive heart failure (worsening peripheral edema, dyspnea, weight gain)

28
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Agents: Examples

A

Procardia, Cardizem

29
Q

Diuretic Agents: Actions and Side Effects

A

A: increase excretion if sodium & urine = reduction in amount of plasma & BP
Classifications: thiazide, loop, potassium sparing

S/E: dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, polyuria, increased LDL, arrhythmia

30
Q

Diuretic Agents: Indications

A

hypertension, edema associated w/ heart failure, pulmonary edema, glaucoma

31
Q

Diuretic Agents: PT Implications

A

position changes can increase risk of dizziness/ falls due to decreased BP
Monitor pts closely for signs of electrolyte imbalance/ muscle weakness/ cramping

32
Q

Diuretic Agents: Examples

A

Diuril, Lasix

33
Q

Nitrate Agents: Actions and Side Effects

A

A: deceased ischemia through smooth mouscle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels

S/E: headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nausea, vomiting

34
Q

Nitrate Agents: Indications

A

angina pectoris

35
Q

Nitrate Agents: PT Implications

A

pts must be educated to sit-stand SLOWLY to minimize risk of orthostatic hypotension
Sublingual administration of nitroglycerin is preferred method to treat acute angina attack

36
Q

Nitrate Agents: Examples

A

Nitrostat, Nitorglycerin

37
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents: Actions & Side Effects

A

A: increase force/ velocity of moycardial contraction, slow HR, decrease conduction velocity through AV node, decrease degree of activation through Sympathetic Nervous System

S/E: cardiac arrhythmias, gastrointestinal distress, dizziness, blurred vision

38
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents: Indications

A

heart failure, atrial fib

39
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents: PT Implications

A

Therapist should monitor HR during activity, teach pt & family to take pulse, seek doctor’s advice for HR 100 bpm

40
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents: Examples

A

Digoxin

41
Q

Thrombolytic Agents: Action & Side Effects

A

A: facilitate clot dissolution (converts plasminogen to plasmin)

S/E: hemorrhage (specifically intracranial in certain populations), allergic reaction, cardiac arrhythmia

42
Q

Thrombolytic Agents: Indications

A

acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, arterial/ venous thrombosis

43
Q

Thrombolytic Agents: PT Implications

A

be careful to avoid situations that may cause trauma due to altered clotting activity

44
Q

Thrombolytic Agents: Examples

A

Urokinase, Activase

NPTAE Cardiopulmonary (16 decks)

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