Heart Surgery and Devices

Question 1

Recurrence with balloon angioplasty

Answer 1

Re-stenosis and return of symptoms in 6 months for 10-50% of patients

Question 2

Recurrence with stent placement

Answer 2

Reduced re-stenosis to 20-30%

Question 3

Drug-eluting stent

Answer 3

Metal stent coated with a polymer containing anti- proliferative agents inhibit re-stenosis

Question 4

If a stent was placed a month or less ago,

Answer 4

reach out to cardiologist regarding prophylaxis.

Question 5

Patients with stents are on ——, do not discontinue this

Answer 5

Dual antiplatelet therapy

Question 6

ICD - implantable cardiac defib.

Answer 6

Looks the same, goes in the same spot as a pacemaker. If heart is in defib, it recognizes it and it shocks the heart.

Question 7

Interrogation

Answer 7

Essentially means that function of implant is checked.

Question 8

Ask if —- valve - two most common ones to have problems.

Answer 8

aortic or mitral

Question 9

Dead tissue (MI) heals by

Answer 9

scarring. Aortic valve MI scarring can render valve useless.

Question 10

Causes of Valvular Disease

Answer 10

Scarring of myocardial tissues (MI)
Overwork of leaflets (HTN)
Calcium deposits causing thickening of the leaflets (age) Infections (IE)

Question 11

Aortic valves do not —-. Stenotic aortic valve —–

Answer 11

prolapse

opens less.

Question 12

Progression of Valvular Disease

Answer 12

Blood backs up into pulmonary vasculature Blood backs up in the systemic vasculature Heart failure

Question 13

Echocardiogram

Answer 13

Size & shape of heart, anatomic abnormalities How well is pump working? Chambers & valves

Question 14

Mechanical Valve meds

Answer 14

Anticoagulation—lifelong Antibiotic prophylaxis—lifelong

Question 15

If someone is diagnosed w/valve issues at a young age, —- is a good choice. Problem is that you are

Answer 15

mechanical

on anticoagulant for a lifetime. Need antibiotic prophy forever.

Question 16

Bioprosthetic Valve

Answer 16

Anticoagulation—temporary Antibiotic prophylaxis—lifelong

Question 17

Bioprosthetic valve - usually

Answer 17

procine tissues. Strong and flexible, but limited lifespan. Benefit is that patients only need to be coagulated for around 3months (suture line around valve needs to heal).

Question 18

Afib patient drugs -

Answer 18

anticoagulants so that blood doesn’t clot in atria when blood is bouncing around during fibrillations.