heart structure Flashcards

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1
Q

right side of ❤️ receives

A

deoxygenated blood from rest of the body

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2
Q

right side of ❤️ receives

A

oxygenated blood from lungs

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3
Q

func of coronary arteries

A

supplies oxy blood, amino acids, glucose to cardiac muscles

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4
Q

tricuspid valve is located on _ side

A

right

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5
Q

bicuspid valve is located on _ side

A

left

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6
Q

atria are located on (top/bottom)

A

top

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7
Q

ventricles are located on (top/bottom)

A

bottom

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8
Q

left ventricle vs right ventricle (struct & func)

A

left: thicker walls to create h.b.p to pump blood to rest of body
right: thinner walls, lower pressure to pump to lungs (lungs close to ❤️)

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9
Q

how does oxy blood travel from lungs to rest

A
  1. lungs
  2. pulmonary vein into ❤️
  3. left atrium
  4. bi valve
  5. lv
  6. aorta out of ❤️
  7. rest
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10
Q

how does deoxy blood travel from rest to lungs

A
  1. rest
  2. vena cavae into ❤️
  3. ra
  4. tri valve
  5. rv
  6. pulmonary arteries out of ❤️
  7. lungs
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11
Q

def systole

A

period of contraction

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12
Q

def diastole

A

period of relaxation

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13
Q

1 heartbeat lasts for

A

approx 0.8s

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14
Q

“lub” & “dub” sounds produced by

A

valves opening & closing (bitri & semilunar)

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15
Q

series of events before “lub”

A
  1. a & v relax
  2. blood fills a
  3. a systole
  4. blood flows from a to v (BITRI VALVES OPEN)
  5. v systole, a diastole
  6. BITRI VALVES CLOSE “LUB”
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16
Q

series of events before “dub”

A
  1. SEMILUNAR VALVES OPEN to allow blood to enter aorta & p artery
  2. a receives blood, v pumps blood out
  3. v diastole
  4. SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSE “DUB”

cycle ends, bitri valves open to allow blood to flow from a to v, repeating the cycle

17
Q

why do bitri valves open

A

v pressure < a pressure

18
Q

why do bitri valves close

A

v pressure > a pressure

19
Q

why do semilunar valves close

A

v pressure < ao pressure

20
Q

why do semilunar valves open

A

v pressure > ao pressure

21
Q

coronary ❤️ disease

A

build up of fatty subst on inner surfaces of c arteries (ATHEROSCLEROSIS) –> narrowed lumen –> clot forms in artery (THROMBOSIS) –> reduced blood flow to ❤️ –> cardiac muscles receive reduced o2 supply

22
Q

causes of coronary ❤️ disease

A
  • high fat diet
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • emotional stress
  • smoking
23
Q

coronary ❤️ disease: preventive measures

A
  • healthy diet (polyunsaturated plant fats instead of animal fats)
  • healthy stress management
  • avoid smoking
  • regular exercise
24
Q

how is coronary ❤️ disease treated

A

bypass surgery: vein from leg is grafted to bypass blocked artery

25
Q

adv of using vein from leg instead of artery from donor

A

recepient’s body may reject artery from donor

26
Q

disadv of using vein from leg instead of artery from donor

A
  1. thin walls of veins may not be able to withstand h.b.p of arteries
  2. ensure sewn correctly. if sewn wrongly, closed semilunar valves will disrupt blood flow