aerobic & anaerobic

Question 1

word equation for aerobic

Answer 1

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + large amount of energy

Question 2

chem eqn for aerobic

Answer 2

c6h12o6 + o2 –> co2 + h2o + large amount of atp

Question 3

glycolysis reactants and products (c) (per cycle)

Answer 3

glucose (6c) –> 2 pyruvate (3c)

Question 4

location of glycolysis

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

total input + output glycolysis

Answer 5

glucose, 2 adp, 2 nad+, 2 Pi

2 pyruvate, 2 atp, 2 nadh

Question 6

link reaction reactants + products (per cycle)

Answer 6

pyruvate (3c) –> 1.5 acetyl coA (2c)

Question 7

location of link reaction

Answer 7

mitochondrial matrix

Question 8

total input + output link reaction

Answer 8

pyruvate, nad+, coA

acetyl-coA, co2 (by product), nadh

Question 9

krebs cycle: reactants + products (per cycle)

Answer 9

acetyl-coA (2c) –> 2 co2 (1c)

Question 10

krebs cycle location

Answer 10

mitochondrial matrix

Question 11

total input + output krebs cycle

Answer 11

acetyl-coA, 3 nad+, fad, adp, Pi

2 co2, 3 nadh, fadh2, atp

Question 12

location oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 12

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 13

role of o2 in oxidative phosphorylation (3)

Answer 13

1. final electron and h+ acceptor that REOXIDISES etc so nadh and fadh2 can continue to donate electrons to etc, allowing phosphorylation to continue
2. allows for regeneration of nad+ and fad to pick up more protons and electrons from glycolysis and krebs cycle
3. removes h+ from matrix to maintain proton gradient

Question 14

funcs of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 14

produces atp, regenerates nad+ and fad

Question 15

steps in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 15

1. nadh and fadh2 donate electrons to electron carriers of etc and are reoxydised to nad+ and fad. h+ are released in the matrix
2. electrons are passed along the etc from the carrier proteins of higher energy to proteins of lower energy, releasing energy for etc proteins to pump h+ from matrix into intermembrane space –> PROTON GRADIENT
3. end of etc, o2 serves as final electron and proton acceptor and is reduced to water, reoxidising the etc
4. proton gradient represents a store of potential energy used to generate atp
5. as protons diffuse down a conc gradient through atp synthase, energy is transferred to phosphorylate adp to form atp, synthesising atp from adp in the matrix at the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

total atp produced (final)

Answer 16

32

Question 17

def anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

(incomplete) breakdown of glucose in the absence of o2 which releases a small amount of energy

Question 18

word eqn for alcoholic fermentation

Answer 18

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + small amount of energy

Question 19

chem eqn for alcoholic fermentation

Answer 19

c6h12o6 –> c2h5oh + co2 + small amount of atp

Question 20

total atp produced from alcoholic fermentation

Answer 20

2

Question 21

func of alcoholic fermentation

Answer 21

regenerates nad+ from nadh produced in glycolysis so that glycolysis can continue to produce 2 net atp to sustain activity

Question 22

word eqn for lactate fermentation

Answer 22

glucose –> lactic acid + small amount of energy

Question 23

chem eqn for lactate fermentation

Answer 23

c6h12c6 –> c3h6o3 + small amount of atp

Question 24

func of lactate fermentation

Answer 24

regenerates nad+ from nadh produced in glycolysis so that glycolysis can continue to produce 2 net atp to sustain muscular activity

Question 25

what happens to lactic acid

Answer 25

transported to liver via the bloodstream where it is oxidised to release energy that is used to convert the rest of the lactic acid into glucose

oxygen debt is incurred bc o2 needed to break down lactic acid

accumulation of lactic acid in muscles causes muscular pains, fatigue, cramps