Heart Path Lecture 2

Question 1

What defines first degree heart block?

Answer 1

Prolonged PR interval

Question 2

What defines second degree heart block?

Answer 2

intermittent transmission

Question 3

What defines third degree heart block?

Answer 3

complete failure

Question 4

Whats a channelopathy?

Answer 4

mutations in genes that are required for normal ion channel function

Question 5

Long QT syndromemanifests as:

Answer 5

arrhythmias associated with excessive prolongation of the cardiac repolarization; patients often present with stress-induced syncope or sudden cardiac death (SCD), and some forms are associated with swimming.

Question 6

SCD is due to a?

Answer 6

Fatal arrhythmia most often arising from ischemia-induced myocardial irritability

Question 7

Pathologic changes of valves are largely of three types:

Answer 7

1. ) damage to collagen -> MVP
2. ) calcification -> calcific aortic stenosis
3. ) fibrotic thickening -> rheumatic heart dz

Question 8

Stenosis can cause what kind of hypertrophy?

Answer 8

pressure overload hypertrophy

Question 9

Insufficiency can cause what kind of hypertrophy?

Answer 9

volume overload hypertrophy

Question 10

What is the most common valve abnormality?

Answer 10

calcific aortic stenosis

Question 11

What is calcific aortic stenosis associated with?

Answer 11

“wear and tear” and aging. HTN, HLD, inflammation

Question 12

What can accelerate calcific aortic stenosis? (1-2 decades sooner)

Answer 12

having a bicuspid valve because they are prone to calcification

Question 13

The pandcarditis seen if RF is associated with what two cell types?

Answer 13

1. ) Aschoff bodies

2. ) Anitschkow cells

Question 14

What are Aschoff bodies?

Answer 14

T cells

Question 15

What are anitschkow cells?

Answer 15

Activated macrophages seen in rheumatic fever. Look like caterpillars

Question 16

What is the only cause of mitral stenosis?

Answer 16

chronic RF