Heart & Great Vessels - A Keane

Question 1

What are the 4 components of the Circulatory system?

Answer 1

• Heart
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins

Question 2

What is the Mediastinum?

Answer 2

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.

Question 3

Where is the heart located?

Answer 3

In the mediastinium, between the 2nd & 5th intercostal space, superior to the diaphragm, anterior to the vertebral colum and posterior to the sternum.

Question 4

What are the names and locations of the pericardium?

Answer 4

• Fibrous pericardium - Outer layer
• Serous Pericardium - inner bag sub divided to
• Parietal Pericardium
• Visceral pericardium

Question 5

What is the function of the Pericardium?

Answer 5

The layers of the pericardium and its fluid help to reduce friction of the moving heart against other organs.

Question 6

Where does the pericardium attach too?

Answer 6

It attaches to the great vessles, Apex of the heart and the central tendon of the diaphragm.

Question 7

What is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 7

It prevents the heart from over expanding.

Question 8

List 3 abnormalities of the pericardium

Answer 8

Pericarditis - Inflammation of the pericardium

Pericardial effusion - Increased fluid

Pericardinal Tamponade - Increased fluid pushing on heart

Question 9

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 9

• Epicardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium

Question 10

The Epicardium are sub divided into 2 layers, what are these?

Answer 10

Epicardium (AKA Viseral Pericardium)

• Visceral pericardium - simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
• Subepicardium - Loose CT and adipose tissue - containing caronary ateries and nerves.

Question 11

What is the myocardium made of?

Answer 11

Bundles and layers of cardiac muscle cells. Myocardiocytes

They are predominately mononucleated. The arrangement of actin and myosin is similar to skeletal striated muscle. Some of the cardiac muscle cells are auto-rhythmic, (known as pacemaker cells).Intercalated disks are located between cardiac muscles cells.

Question 12

5 Properties of Cariad Muscle

Answer 12

• Striated
• Intercalated Discks
• Involentary Contraction
• Branched
• Centeral Nucleous.

Question 13

The endocardium (Inner layer) is made up of 2 layers, what are they called?

Answer 13

• Endothelium (Epithelium like layer)
• Subendocardium - Loose CT and carries vessles for the conductiong system.

Question 14

What is the thickest layer of the heart?

Answer 14

Myocardium

Question 15

What is the name of the cantral dividing wall between the heart chambers?

Answer 15

Septum

You have a intraventrical Septum and intratrial Septum

Question 16

There are 2 circuts for the flow of blood round the circulatory system?

Answer 16

Pulmonary circulation - heart to lungs

Systemic Circulation - to all other systems.

Question 17

Wht side of the heart does the deoxygenated blood pump round?

Answer 17

Right side.

Question 18

Learn outside vessles

Answer 18

Question 19

learn labelled diagram

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the only artery to hold deoxygenated blood?

Answer 20

Pulmonary artery

Question 21

What is the name given to the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 21

Sino atrial node.

Question 22

Name the 4 parts of the conducting system of the heart?

Answer 22

• SA Node
• Atrioventricular Node
• Bundle of His
• Purkinje Fibres

Question 23

What does Myogeneic mean?

Answer 23

Myogenic contraction refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte cell itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.

Question 24

Blood order through the heart.

Answer 24