Blood Cells & Haemopoiesis

Question 1

What type of tissue is blood?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

What are the formed elements of blood?

Answer 2

Erythrocytes -RBC
Platelets - Thombrocytes
Leukocytes - WBC

Question 3

What is the fluid matrix that cells float in called?

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

What is whole blood?

Answer 4

The name given to blood that is taken directly from the donor, with nothing removed or added

Question 5

What percentage of blood plasma is proteins and what are the names of the proteins found?

Answer 5

7%
Albumins (54%) - Helps contain blood concentration gradient
Globulin (38%) - immunoglobulin, Antibodies etc
Fibrogen (7%) - used in blood clotting.

Also contains electrolytes, gases, waste and regulatory substances i.e Hormones

Question 6

What are the features of a Eurthrocyte?

Answer 6

Biconcave disk
Anucleated without organelles
Contain hemoglobin
Life span 120 days
Formed in bone marrow
Broken down in spleen
45% of whole blood.

Question 7

why are Erthrycytes biconcave in shape?

Answer 7

To increase surface area (more haemoglobin able to get to surface)
Less likely to rupture
Less distance for O2 & CO2 to diffuse

Question 8

What is sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 8

The genes responsible for the formation of RBC gets altered making the cell more rigid making it difficult for o2 to bind and and the cell to float, forming clots.

Question 9

Where are Leukocytes formed?

Answer 9

In red bone marrow and Lymoid tissue

Question 10

WBC - travel from place to place in the circulatory system but preform there function in tissues and organs.

Answer 10

Statement - no question.

Question 11

What are the 2 categories of WBC and give examples of each?

Answer 11

Granulocytes:

Neutrophils (60 - 70%), Eosinophils(2-4%), Basophils (

Question 12

What are the granules?

Answer 12

Lysomes for killing pathogens.

Question 13

In order of abundance list the WBC?

Answer 13

Never let monkey's eat banans
Neutrophil (60 - 70%)
Lymphocytes (20-25%)
Monocytes (3 - 8%)
Eosinophil (2-4%)
Basophil

Question 14

Which WBC is not phagocytic?

Answer 14

Eosinophil’s. They secrete enzymes which sit on the pathagen and burst it.

Question 15

How are platelets (thrombocytes) made?

Answer 15

The bud off from Megakaryocytes that are found in the bone marrow.

Question 16

What do platelets contain?

Answer 16

Granulocytes containing growth factors - anucleate. Also involved in clot formation.

Question 17

How are RBC made?

Answer 17

Haemopoiesis - Starts with a myleoid Stem cell.
Cell size reduces, then nucleus reduces and disappears, then haemoglobin gets produced finally the nucleus is expelled and the cell becomes known as a reticulocyte.

Question 18

What is the name of the hormone that stimulates RBC production?

Answer 18

Erythopoiten.

Question 19

What is the name given to the formation of RBC?

Answer 19

Haemopoiesis

Question 20

Where does RBC formation occur?

Answer 20

In the bone marrow

Question 21

What is the name given to the blood cell Pluripotential Haemopoietic Stem Cell?

Answer 21

Haemocytoblast (undeveloped RBC)

Pluripotent cells can give rise to all of the cell types that make up the body.

Question 22

What blood cell pathway has a point of no return?

Answer 22

The common lymphoid progenitor