Blood Vessels & The Vascular System - A Keane Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the vascular wall?
- Tunica Intima - Internal
- Tunica Media - Middle
- Tunica Adventitia - External
What is Tunica Intima made of?
Endothelium and underlying CT
What is Tunica Media made of?
Smooth muscle, collagen and elastic fibers
What is Tunica Adventitia made of?
Loose CT, which include nerves and blood vessels.
What artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary Artery
What are the 2 main types of arteries?
Elastic Arteries - Arteries closer to the heart Muscular Arteries - further away from the heart
In arteries what layer is the thickest?
Tunica Media
What are the differences between The Tunica Media in a Elastic artery and an muscular artery?
In an elastic artery there are many sheets of elastic tissue (up to 40), there is also a small amount of smooth muscle and collage. In a muscular artery, there are 1 or 2 sheets of elastic tissue, but more amounts of smooth muscle.
Why is there differences between the 2 types of arteries.
Elastic arteries have to withstand high pressure, so needs lots of elastic tissue. Muscular arteries do not have so much pressure but still need to maintain pressure so have a couple of elastin sheets..
what is the name of the blood vessels and nerves that supply the circulatory system?
Vasa Vasarium (blood vessels) Nervi Vasarium (Nerves)
With arterioles how many layers of smooth muscle are present?
2 - 3
What is the thickest layer in veins and why?
The outer layer - Tunica Adventitia. Due to large amounts of smooth muscle used to keep/generate pressure to return blood to the heart.
What do veins contain, that arteries does not?
Valves - made of folds of Tunica Interna. Absent in small veins.
Does the tunica Media still contain smooth muscle in large veins?
Yes
What is the name given to circulation within capillaries?
Microcirculation
What happens at the capillaries?
Site of metabolic exchange
What is the name given to the 3 different types of capillaries?
Continuous - found in skin and muscle Fenestrated - Found in small intestine, kidneys Discontinuous - found in liver and Lymoid tissue.
What are the main functions of the micro circulation?
- Delivery of O2 and nutrients and the removal of CO2
- Regulates blood flow and tissue perfussion
In continuous capillaries how are substances transported?
Using Caveolae and other vesicles. The cells making up the capillary secrete basement membrane.
What is a fenestrated Capillary?
These endothelial cells have gaps (windows) making the capillary more leaky.
There basal membrane is still intack.
What are sinusoid capillaries?
Largest gaps between endothelial cells
Basal lamina is broken up
Only found in liver and lympatic system.
Comparision between arteries and veins
What is a myocardial infarction?
Heart attack.
When blood stops getting to part of the heart muscle.
Caused by a build up of colesteral and white blood cells
Corany Arteries
Name the 9 important blood vessles branching off from the heart, including the 4 that come off from the acrtic arch.
Left Pulmonary Vein
Right Pulmonary vein
Left Pulmonary Artery
Superior and inferior vena cava
Off Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Right and left subclavian artery
Left & Right common artery
