Blood Vessels & The Vascular System - A Keane

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the vascular wall?

Answer 1

• Tunica Intima - Internal
• Tunica Media - Middle
• Tunica Adventitia - External

Question 2

What is Tunica Intima made of?

Answer 2

Endothelium and underlying CT

Question 3

What is Tunica Media made of?

Answer 3

Smooth muscle, collagen and elastic fibers

Question 4

What is Tunica Adventitia made of?

Answer 4

Loose CT, which include nerves and blood vessels.

Question 5

What artery carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 5

Pulmonary Artery

Question 6

What are the 2 main types of arteries?

Answer 6

Elastic Arteries - Arteries closer to the heart Muscular Arteries - further away from the heart

Question 7

In arteries what layer is the thickest?

Answer 7

Tunica Media

Question 8

What are the differences between The Tunica Media in a Elastic artery and an muscular artery?

Answer 8

In an elastic artery there are many sheets of elastic tissue (up to 40), there is also a small amount of smooth muscle and collage. In a muscular artery, there are 1 or 2 sheets of elastic tissue, but more amounts of smooth muscle.

Question 9

Why is there differences between the 2 types of arteries.

Answer 9

Elastic arteries have to withstand high pressure, so needs lots of elastic tissue. Muscular arteries do not have so much pressure but still need to maintain pressure so have a couple of elastin sheets..

Question 10

what is the name of the blood vessels and nerves that supply the circulatory system?

Answer 10

Vasa Vasarium (blood vessels) Nervi Vasarium (Nerves)

Question 11

With arterioles how many layers of smooth muscle are present?

Answer 11

2 - 3

Question 12

What is the thickest layer in veins and why?

Answer 12

The outer layer - Tunica Adventitia. Due to large amounts of smooth muscle used to keep/generate pressure to return blood to the heart.

Question 13

What do veins contain, that arteries does not?

Answer 13

Valves - made of folds of Tunica Interna. Absent in small veins.

Question 14

Does the tunica Media still contain smooth muscle in large veins?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What is the name given to circulation within capillaries?

Answer 15

Microcirculation

Question 16

What happens at the capillaries?

Answer 16

Site of metabolic exchange

Question 17

What is the name given to the 3 different types of capillaries?

Answer 17

Continuous - found in skin and muscle Fenestrated - Found in small intestine, kidneys Discontinuous - found in liver and Lymoid tissue.

Question 18

What are the main functions of the micro circulation?

Answer 18

• Delivery of O2 and nutrients and the removal of CO2
• Regulates blood flow and tissue perfussion

Question 19

In continuous capillaries how are substances transported?

Answer 19

Using Caveolae and other vesicles. The cells making up the capillary secrete basement membrane.

Question 20

What is a fenestrated Capillary?

Answer 20

These endothelial cells have gaps (windows) making the capillary more leaky.

There basal membrane is still intack.

Question 21

What are sinusoid capillaries?

Answer 21

Largest gaps between endothelial cells

Basal lamina is broken up

Only found in liver and lympatic system.

Question 22

Comparision between arteries and veins

Answer 22

Question 23

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 23

Heart attack.

When blood stops getting to part of the heart muscle.

Caused by a build up of colesteral and white blood cells

Question 24

Corany Arteries

Answer 24

Question 25

Name the 9 important blood vessles branching off from the heart, including the 4 that come off from the acrtic arch.

Answer 25

Left Pulmonary Vein

Right Pulmonary vein

Left Pulmonary Artery

Superior and inferior vena cava

Off Aortic Arch

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Right and left subclavian artery

Left & Right common artery