Heart Failure/Dyspnea DSA

Question 1

compare EF in systolic and diastolic HF

Answer 1

systolic: less than 40%
diastolic: normal/greater than 50%

Question 2

causes of acute HF

Answer 2

• MI
• papillary m. rupture
• mitral regurg

Question 3

features and causes of high output HF

Answer 3

• decreased EF
• high CO
• pregnancy, anemia, beriberi, paget’s

Question 4

causes of low output HF

Answer 4

• IHD
• HTN
• dilated cardiomyopathy
• pericardial dz

Question 5

stage A HF

Answer 5

• at risk for HF but no structural heart disease
• no sx
• 1 year mortality rate 5-10%

Question 6

stage B HF

Answer 6

• structural heart disease
• no sx
• 1 year mortality 5-10%

Question 7

stage C HF

Answer 7

• structural heart disease
• heart failure sx
• 1 year mortality 15-30%

Question 8

stage D HF

Answer 8

• refractory HF
• needs biventricular pacemaker, LVAD, transplant
• 1 year mortality 50-60%

Question 9

class 1 HF

Answer 9

• no limitations of physical activity
• no sx
• 1 year mortality 5-10%

Question 10

class 2 HF

Answer 10

• slight limitation of physical activity
• exertional sx w/ ordinary activity
• no sx at rest
• 1 year mortality 15-30%

Question 11

class 3 HF

Answer 11

• marked limitations of physical activity
• less than ordinary activity causes sx
• no sx at rest
• year moratlity 15-30%

Question 12

class 4 HF

Answer 12

• unable to carry out physical activities w/o sx or discomfort
• SYMPTOMATIC AT REST
• 1 year mortality 50-50%

Question 13

how does EF affect BNP

Answer 13

low EF causes high BNP

Question 14

BNP < 100 means

Answer 14

low likelihood of HF

Question 15

increased BNP indicates

Answer 15

HF, AMI, PE, renal failure, old age, pulmonary HTN, COPD, ARDS, sepsis