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Maddy - CPR II - some pharm > Ch 20 > Flashcards

Ch 20 Flashcards

1
Q

analgesic nephropathy is associated w/

A

papillary necrosis

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2
Q

drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction of interstitiual and tubules leading to acute renal failure

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis

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3
Q

extensive accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals in tubules

A

acute phosphate nephropathy

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4
Q

HTN w/ esophageal varices in kids

A

ARPKD

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5
Q

pts w/ multiple myeloma associated with

A

light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)

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6
Q

northern european demographic

A

ADPKD

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7
Q

Sporadic: 80%
Hereditary:
- deletions on chromosome 3
- loss of VHL

A

clear cell carcinoma of kidney

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8
Q

polar scarring

A

chronic pyelonephritis w/ vesicoureteral reflux

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9
Q

fever, neurologic symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

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10
Q

corticomedullay cysts, shrunken kidneys, adults

A

adult-onset nephronophthisis

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11
Q

~ hematuria (most common)

  • palpable mass
  • flank pain
A

renal cell carcinoma

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12
Q

most common benign renal neoplasm

A

Renal Papillary Adenoma

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13
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

minimal change dz

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14
Q

irregular kidneys w/ cysts of various sizes, kidneys can be small, normal, or big

A

multicystic renal dysplasia

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15
Q

benign, small, discrete adenomas arising from the renal tubular epithelium

A

Renal Papillary Adenoma

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16
Q

salt-wasting, polyuria

A

adult-onset nephronophthisis

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17
Q

tram track apperance

A

MPGN I

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18
Q

worse pronosis of SLE nephropathy

A

class 4: diffuse lupus nephritis

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19
Q

kimmelstiel-wilson nodules on histo

A

diabetic nephropathy

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20
Q

liver cysts

A

ADPKD

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21
Q

cortical surface of kidneys w/ multiple foci of yellow grey areas of acute inflammation and abscesses

A

acute pyelonephritis

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22
Q

vesicoureteral reflux is a predisposing factor for

A

pyelonephritis

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23
Q

PKHD1 on chromosome 6 encoding fibrocystin

A

ARPKD

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24
Q

most common adult kidney cancer

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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25
Q

bence jones proteins

A

light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)

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26
Q

gross kidney: granular, pitted surface, thin cortex, cortical depressions

A

diabetic nephropathy

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27
Q

defect in alpha 5 chain of type 4 collagen

x-linked

A

alport syndrome

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28
Q

pale cortex

A

diffuse cortical necrosis

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29
Q

hematuria
polyruia
HTN

A

ADPKD

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30
Q

reduced calyces

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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31
Q

collapsing glomerulosclerosis in HIV patients

A

FSGS

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32
Q

inherited mutations of complement regulatory proteins like factor H

A

Atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)

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33
Q

multifocal ischemia of kidney and parenchyma

A

benign nephrosclerosis

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34
Q

nephrotic dz might be associated w/ hodgkin lymphoma

A

minimal change dz

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35
Q

crescents composed of fibrin and macropahges

A

RPGN

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36
Q
  • Wilms tumor
  • Neonatal hypoglycemia
  • muscular hemihypertrophy
  • organomegaly (ex: tongue)
A

beckwith weidmann syndrome

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37
Q

reduced sized kidneys, ischemic atrophy, mild arteriosclerosis

A

renal artery stenosis

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38
Q

most common genetic cause of end-stage renal dz in children and young adults

A

familial juvenile nephronophthisis

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39
Q

nodular glomerulosclerosis

A

diabetic nephropathy

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40
Q

ethylene glycol causing oxalate crystal is associated w/

A

acute tubular injury

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41
Q

thick glomerular membranes, subepithelial deposits, granular deposition on IF, spikes

A

membranous nephropathy

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42
Q

progressive sclerosis that develops after many types of renal injury and leads to proteinuria

A

FSGS

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43
Q

less than 1cm in diameter

  • always in the cortex
  • pale yellow-grey, discrete, well circumscribed nodules
A

Renal Papillary Adenoma

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44
Q

eating e.coli

A

typical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)

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45
Q

endothelial injury causing thrombocytopenia leading to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

typical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)

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46
Q
  • gonadal and renal tumors
A

denys drash syndrome

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47
Q

medullary cysts, shrunken kidneys, cortical tubulointerstitial damage

A

medullary sponge kidney

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48
Q

hematuria, hyposthenuria, patchy papillary necrosis, proteinuria

A

sickle cell nephropathy

49
Q

renal artery stenosis in older patients associated w/

A

atheromatous plaque

50
Q

IgA and C3 deposits in the mesangium

A

henoch-schonlein purpura

51
Q

tumor comprised of blastema, primitive glomeruli and tubules, and stromal cells (triphasic)

A

wilm’s tumor

52
Q

hepatic fibrosis

53
Q

IgG, IgM and C3 on IF

subendothelial deposits on EM

54
Q

subendothelial and mesangial dense deposits w/ wire loops on LM

A

SLE nephropathy

55
Q

ADAMTS13 mutation

A

thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

56
Q

glomerulus “stuffed” in bowman’s capsule w/ decrease in urinary space

A

SLE nephropathy

57
Q

corticomedullay cysts, shrunken kidneys, children

A

familial juvenile nephronophthisis

58
Q

flea bitten appearance of kidney

A

malignant nephrosclerosis

59
Q
  • Wilms tumor
  • Aniridia
  • Genital abnormalities
  • Mental and motor Retardation
A

WAGR syndrome

60
Q

50% of pts have concomitant bladder tumors

A

Renal Urothelial (transitional cell) Carcinoma

61
Q

can spontaneously rupture with massive hemorrhage –> initial presentation may be shock secondary to massive retroperitoneal and/or intra-abdominal hemorrahge

A

angiomyolipoma

62
Q

nephrotic syndrome associated with hep B, C, SLE, NSAIDs

A

membranous nephropathy

63
Q

hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

A

malignant nephrosclerosis

64
Q

EM: packed with mitochondria

A

oncocytoma

65
Q

most common cause of glomerulonephritis

A

IgA nephropathy

66
Q

increased in frequency in pts with tubular sclerosis

A

angiomyolipoma

67
Q

associated w/ gluten enteropathy

A

IgA nephropathy

68
Q

IgM and C3

effacement of foot processes

69
Q

mutations in vWF

A

thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

70
Q

hyaline arteriosclerosis

A

benign nephrosclerosis

71
Q

mahogany-brown and well circumscribed often with central stellate scar

A

oncocytoma

72
Q

radial arrayed cysts

73
Q

dirty brown granular casts

A

acute tubular injury

74
Q

arise from type A intercalated cells of renal cortical collecting ducts

A

oncocytoma

75
Q

increased mesangial matrix w/ alterations in GBM

76
Q

amyloidosis, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia

A

light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)

77
Q

tx PSGN

A

supportive

78
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in caucasian adults

A

membranous nephropathy

79
Q

formation of uric acid crystal in renal tubules in collecting ducts

A

acute urate nephropathy

80
Q

thinning and thickening of bm

A

alport syndrome

81
Q

originates from utothelium of renal pelvis

infiltration of wall of the pelvis and calyces is common

A

Renal Urothelial (transitional cell) Carcinoma

82
Q

WT1 chromosome 11 mutations

A

WAGR and denys drash

83
Q

AR inherited mutation of NPHP1

A

familial juvenile nephronophthisis

84
Q
  • proteinuria
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • hypogammaglobunemia
  • hypercoaguable state
  • hyperlipidemia
A

nephrotic syndrome

85
Q

embolization of atheromatous plaques from aorta or renal artery into intrarenal vessels

A

atheroembolic renal dz

86
Q

inherited form associated w/ mutations in nephrin, NPSH1, podocin, alpha-actinin 4, TRPC6, APOL1

87
Q

hypercellularity of glomerulus

A

nephritic syndrome

88
Q

thickened GBM and increased mesangial matrix w/ shrunken kidneys

A

diabetic nephropathy

89
Q

most common cause end stage renal dz

A

diabetic nephropathy

90
Q

AR mutations in alpha3 or alpha4 of type 4 collagen

A

thin basement membrane dz

91
Q

AD inheritance

- associated with loss of TSC1 or TSC2

A

angiomyolipoma

92
Q

“gouty nephropathy”

A

chronic urate nephropathy

93
Q

purpuric skin lesions, abd pain, vomiting, arthralgias

A

henoch-schonlein purpura

94
Q

permeation of lamina densa of GBM by electron dense ribbon of materia

95
Q

berry aneurysm
MVP
diverticular dz

96
Q

demographics for benign nephrosclerosis

A

older pts

african americans

97
Q

demographics malignant nephrosclerosis

A

younger patients
men>women
african americans

98
Q

C3 nephritic factor autoantibodies

99
Q

lipid deposition in proximal tubule

A

minimal change dz

100
Q

oliguria, fever, rash, azotemia after starting a drug

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis

101
Q

hamartoma comprised of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue

A

angiomyolipoma

102
Q

occurs after obstetric emergency

A

diffuse cortical necrosis

103
Q

hemorrhage, erythrocytosis, neoplasia

shrunken kidneys

A

acquired renal cystic dz

104
Q

“white” wedge shapes

A

renal infarcts

105
Q

cholesterol cysts

A

atheroembolic renal dz

106
Q

tx is inhibitors of RAAS syndrome

107
Q 
Sporadic:
- trisomy 7, 16, 17
- lost Y (MET proto-oncogene)
Hereditary:
- trisomy 7
A

papillary carcinoma of kidney

108
Q

renal artery stenosis in young women associated w/

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

109
Q

anti-PLA2R antibodies

A

membranous nephropathy

110
Q

yellow-green to pink tubular bile casts, pts w/ liver dz

A

bile cast nephropathy

111
Q

hepatic cysts

112
Q

genetic defects causing ADPKD

A

PKD1 on chromosome 16: polycystin 1

PKD2 on chromosome 4: polycystin 2

113
Q

risk factors:

  • antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
  • pregnancy
  • oral contraceptive
  • scleroderma
  • chemotherapy
A

Atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)

114
Q

recurrent hematuria

A

IgA nephropathy

115
Q

diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, oliguria, hematuria

A

typical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)

116
Q

diffuse thinning of GBM

A

thin basement membrane dz

117
Q

second most common cause of acute kidney injury

A

drug induced interstitial nephritis

118
Q

hepatic fibrosis w/ hepatic failure and HTN in kids

119
Q

C3 deposits in basement membrane in circular aggregation w/o IgG

Maddy - CPR II - some pharm (18 decks)

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