heart failure Flashcards
most common cause of heart failure uk
ischemic
what might aggregate heart failure
arrhythmias, anaemia, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, obesity
in initial HF how does SNS help
improves ventricular function by increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility
how is RAS activated in HF
kidney hypoperfusion
what naturetic peptide is released from ventricles
BNP
what naturetic peptide is released from atria
ANP
what naturetic peptide is released from vascular endothelium
C-type peptide
actions of the naturetic peptides
diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive properties
naturetic
sodium excretion
HF symptoms
exertional dyspnoea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnoea and fatigue
HF signs
tachycardia, elevated JVP, cardiomegaly with a displaced apex beat, third and fourth heart sounds, bi-basal lung crackles, pleural effusion, ankle oedema/sacral oedema, ascites and tender hepatomegaly
what would a chest xray show
cardiac enlargement
what would ECG show
arrhythmias, ischaemia, left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension
bradykinin affect on vessels
vasodilator
drug which increases bradykinin
ACEi
