arrythmia

Question 1

extrinsic causes of sinus bradychardia drugs

Answer 1

(β-blockers

Question 2

extrinsic causes of sinus bradychardia diseases

Answer 2

hypothyroidism, hypothermia, cholestatic jaundice,

raised intracranial pressure

Question 3

intrinsic causes of sinus bradycardia

Answer 3

acute ischaemia and infarction of the sinus node

fibrosis of theatrium and sinus node

Question 4

fibrosis of theatrium and sinus node also known as

Answer 4

sick sinus syndrome

Question 5

how to treat bradycardia

Answer 5

pacemaker

Question 6

acute bradycardia treatment

Answer 6

atropine

Question 7

sick sinus syndrome heart rhythm

Answer 7

tachy–brady syndrome

Question 8

common causes of heart block

Answer 8

coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, fibrosis of the conducting tissue

Question 9

location of block in HB

Answer 9

AV node or the His bundle

LBBB

Question 10

describe first degree heart block

Answer 10

delayed atrioventricular conduction

Question 11

how would you see first degree heart block on ECG

Answer 11

long PR

Question 12

first degree heart block treatment

Answer 12

not necessary

Question 13

describe mobitz type one

Answer 13

PR interval prolongation until a P wave fails to

conduct, cycle repeats itself

Question 14

describe mobitz type II block

Answer 14

QRS dosent always follow P - ratio

Question 15

mobitz type II block QRS describe

Answer 15

widened

Question 16

Third-degree AV block describe

Answer 16

complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity

Question 17

escape rhythm in bundle of his QRS

Answer 17

narrow

Question 18

escape rhythm in Purkinje system QRS

Answer 18

broad QRS

Question 19

Purkinje system escape rhythm complications

Answer 19

dizzy and black out

Question 20

BBB GRS

Answer 20

wide QRS

Question 21

RBBB extra wave and why

Answer 21

a secondary R wave

Question 22

why do you get an extra R wave in RBBB

Answer 22

first the left ventricle and then the right

Question 23

when do you get RBBB

Answer 23

pulmonary embolus, right ventricular hypertrophy,

ischaemic heart disease and congenital heart disease

Question 24

congenital heart disease that can lead to RBBB

Answer 24

atrial and ventricular septal defect and Fallot’s tetralogy

Question 25

LBBB underlying pathology

Answer 25

aortic stenosis, hypertension, severe coronary artery disease

Question 26

SVTs arise from

Answer 26

atrium

Question 27

sinus tachycardia diseases

Answer 27

fever, pain, anaemia, heart failure, thyrotoxicosis, acute

pulmonary embolism, hypovolaemia

Question 28

sinus tachycardia drugs

Answer 28

catecholamines and atropine

Question 29

sinus tachycardia treatment

Answer 29

β-blockers and treat cause

Question 30

Atrioventricular junctional tachycardias resul from

Answer 30

re-entry circuits

Question 31

what are re-entry circuits

Answer 31

two separate pathways for impulse conduction

Question 32

most common type of SVT

Answer 32

Atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia

Question 33

explain Atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia

Answer 33

‘ring’ of conducting pathway in the AV node, of which the ‘limbs’ have differing conduction times and refractory periods

Question 34

most common AVRT

Answer 34

Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome

Question 35

describe Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome

Answer 35

accessory pathway bundle of Kent between atria and

ventricles

Question 36

symptoms of Atrioventricular junctional tachycardias

Answer 36

rapid regular palpitations, usually with abrupt onset and sudden termination. Other symptoms are dizziness, dyspnoea, central chest pain and syncope

Question 37

AF risk

Answer 37

stroke

Question 38

Ventricular fibrillation signs

Answer 38

pulseless and becomes rapidly unconscious, and respiration ceases

Question 39

Ventricular fibrillation treatment

Answer 39

immediate defibrillation