Heart Failure Flashcards
What is heart failure?
A condition in which the heart fails to pump blood effectively around the body
What causes heart failure?
Left ventricular dysfunction MI Irregular heart beat Constrictive pericarditis Alcoholism
What are the signs of heart failure?
Creps Oedema Tachycardia S3 heart sounds Elevated JVP
What are the symptoms of heart failure?
Dysponea
fatigue
Orthopnia
What are the investigations used to diagnose heart failure?
Echo
MRI
BNP - brain neuritic peptide - heightened in heart failure
What treatments are used in heart failure?
ACE inhibitors Beta - blockers Angiotensin II receptor blockers Hearth transplant Diuretics Digoxin
What are the signs of left heart failure?
S3 and S4 gallop rhythm
Tachycardia
Creps
What are the signs of right heart failure?
Eleveated JVP
Hepatomegaly
Pitting oedema
Ascites - collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Define systolic failure
Inabiity for the ventricle to contract effectively
Define diastolic failure
Inability for the ventricle to relax normally
What are the effects of systolic failure?
Decreased cardiac output
Ejection fraction bellow 40%
What are the causes of systolic failure?
Ischemic heart disease
Myocardial infarction
Cardiomyopathy
What are the effects of diastolic failure?
Increased filling pressure
Ejection fraction above 50%
What are the causes of diastolic failure?
Constrictive pericarditis
Tamponate
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
What are the symptoms of left ventricular failure?
Dysponea Lower ETT Fatigue Orthopnoea Cough Wheeze Weight loss Muscle wasting
