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Cardiovascular Conditions (JBR) > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart failure?

A

Cardiac output inadequate for body’s requriements

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2
Q

What cause left-sided HF?

A

IHD
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular heart disease

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3
Q

What cause right-sided HF?

A

Secondary to Left-sided
Cor pulmonale
Congenital heart disease

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4
Q

What is CCF?

A

Mix of right and left sided HF

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5
Q

In systolic HF the heart doesn’t?

A

pump

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6
Q

In diastolic HF the heart doesn’t?

A

relax

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7
Q

Systolic HF causes symptoms of HF and reduced pumping function; diastolic HF only shows signs of?

A

HF

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8
Q

What are symptoms/signs of left sided heart failure?

A 
Dyspnoea
Decreased exercise tolerance 
Fatigue 
Orthopnoea
PND
Nocturnal cough (+/- pink frothy sputum) 
Wheeze 
Nocturia 
Cold peripheries
Weight loss 
Muscle wasting
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9
Q

What are signs of systolic heart failure?

A

Tachycardia
Fine crepitations
Pleural effusion
S3

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10
Q

What are signs/symptoms of right sided heart failure?

A

Oedema
JVP elevated
Hepatomegaly
Ascites

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11
Q

What is found on CXR for left-sided HF?

A

Cardiomegaly
Bat’s wings shadows (esp. lower zones)
Interstitial fluid

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12
Q

What is found on CXR for right-sided HF?

A

CXR - normal

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13
Q

Which blood tests would be used to investigated possible heart failure?

A 
FBC
U&Es
Lipids
?Thyroid function tests
BNP
ABG
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14
Q

BNP is produced by?

A

Ventricle for lower heart chambers in HF (also raised by many other things)

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15
Q

Besides blood tests and CXR, how is HF investigated?

A 
ECG
ECHO - ?Stress-ECHO
Cardiac MRi
Cardiac catheterisation
Troponin if ACS suspected
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16
Q

How do you treat cor pulmonale induced HF?

A

Diuretics and O2

17
Q

How do you treat valvular disease induced HF?

A

Ideally surgery

18
Q

How do you treat HF caused by fast AF?

A

Digoxin or DC shock

19
Q

How do you treat HF if patient has a HX of previous MIs/Cardiomyopathies?

A 
Diuretics 
ACEI
Beta-blockers
Spironolactone (severe)
(Digoxin, vasodilators) 
(ICD)
20
Q

Ivabradine acts to?

A

Decrease HR

21
Q

What are alternative management options for HF?

A

LVAd
Transplant
Palliative care

22
Q

How do you treat acute heart failure?

A

Sit up
O2
IV furosemide
IV diamorphine (not in COPD)

23
Q

What is the mechanism of a loop diuretic?

A

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henlé

24
Q

Lop diuretics act to reduce?

A

Salt and water overload associated with pulmonary oedema (iv) and chronic heart failure

25
Q

thiazide diuretics like Bendroflumethiazide are used in?

A

Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Severe resistant oedema (with loop age)

26
Q

The benefit from loop diuretics stem from?

A

Absorption of extracellular fluid contributing to oedema in the capillaries as a consequence of diuretic-induced reduction of blood volum

Cardiovascular Conditions (JBR) (20 decks)

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