Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Congenital narrowing of the aorta
Usually in the area where the ductus arterioles inserts
What are symptoms/signs of coarctation of the aorta?
Radio-radio / radio-femoral delay
Scapular bruit
Systolic murmur - best heard over left scapula
Which investigations are used to diagnose a coarctation of the aorta?
CT
MRI aortogram
What are complications of a coarctation of the aorta?
Heart failure
Infective endocarditis
How is a coarctation of the aorta treated?
Surgery: balloon dilation +/- stenting
Fallot’s tetralogy is a ?
Cyanotic congenial heart disorder
What are the 4 features of Fallot’s tetralogy?
VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Failure to thrive
Clubbing
What are symptoms/signs of Fallot’s?
Cyanosis
Difficulty swallowing
Failure to thrive
Clubbing
What is seen on CXR with Fallot’s?
Boot-shaped heart
How is Fallot’s tetralogy treated?
O2
Beta-blocker
Endocarditis prophylaxis
Surgery
Explain transposition of great vessels?
Pulmonary arteries and aorta communicate with each other via foramen ovale
If of sufficient size; blood will mix
In transposition of the great vessels, when the foramen ovale closes Sudden collapse occurs. Which signs/symptoms accompany this?
Sudden collapse occurs with severe cyanosis or pallor, tachypnoea, distress and rapid deterioration to death
Prolonged CRT
Poor or asset pulses
Hepatomegaly
Crackles in the lungs
increased work of breathing + profoundly acidotic
How do you treat transposition of the great vessels?
ABC, PGE2 (high dose) to open duct, emergency surgical management
What is tricuspid atreasia?
Complete absence of tricuspid valve
Hypoplastic or absent right ventricle
What is pulmonary atresia?
Pulmonary valve is completely shut and doesn’t open obstructing blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Retrograde filling of the branch pulmonary arteries via ductus arteriosus
May not be very cyanosed while duct is open
Mostly accompanied by a VSD
