Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is chronic heart failure?

A

This is when the heart is unable to pump a enough blood to meet the metabolic need of the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiological mechanism that maintains arterial bp and organ perfusion

A
  1. Frank sterling mechanism- increases end-diastolic filling volumes
    Increase in ventricular dilation leads to ^ in oxygen requirement of the myocardium
  2. Myocardial adaptation- hypertrophy with or without cardiac chamber dilation ( increase in cardiac muscle with normal size or ^ in the size of ventricle
  3. Activation of neurohomoral system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE ?

A

Failing myocardium no longer propel sufficient blood - DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

compensated heart failure?

A

If dilated ventricle meets cardiac output- compensated heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myocardial structure changes?

A
  1. Pressure overload (hypertension, valvular stenosis) - new sarcomere are added adjacent to existing sarcomere (concentric hypertrophy) - no increase in size of the heart but ventricular thickness
  2. Volume overload (valvular regurgitation)- new sacromere are added in series with existing sacromere , length ^, ventricle dilates, thickness <>=
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two types of heart failure?

A

Left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of Left-sided HF?

A

IHD (atherosclerosis)

SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION

MITRAL OR AROTUC VALVE DISEASE

DISEASE OF THE MYOCARDIUM (amyloidosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effect of left sided HF

A

Reduced systemic perfusion

Elevated back pressure in the lungs

Affects heart and lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Morphology of left sided HF

A
Heart-  ventricular hypertrophic
             Mitral valve stenosis
             Myocyte hyperthrophy
             Atrial fribilation
             Interstitial fibrosis
Lungs- pressure in pulmonary veins
             Congestion and edema
             Pleural effusion
             Heavy and boggy
             Perivascular and interstitial transudates
             Alveolar edema 
             RBc extravasate from capillaries to the alveol
             Heart failure cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly