endocrine system 1

Question 1

hyperthyroidism

Answer 1

excessive release of the thyroid hormone

Question 2

hypothyroidism

Answer 2

thyroid hormone deficiency

Question 3

thyrotoxicosis

Answer 3

hypermetabolic state caused by the elevated level of circling T3 & T4.
occurs due to excessive TH

Question 4

gioter

Answer 4

enlargement of the thyroid gland to form a mass legion.

Question 5

hyperthyroidism clinical manifestation?

Answer 5

1. hyper metabolic state: weigh loss with ^ appetite, intolerance to heat, soft warm and flushed skin
2. overactivity of the sympathetic NS: tremors, anxiety, emotional liability, insomnia
3. cardiac manifestation: cardiomegaly, tachycardia, arrhythmia, palpitation
4. ocular changes: exophthalmos

Question 6

3 most common causes of thyroxicosis

Answer 6

graves disease
multi nodular goiter
thyroid adenoma

Question 7

rare cause of thyroxicosis

Answer 7

TSH secreting pituitary adenoma

Question 8

clinical findings of graves disease

Answer 8

diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland
exophthalmos
pretrial myxedema

Question 9

pathogenesis of graves disease

Answer 9

autoimmune disorder characterized by the the production of autoantibodies called TSI on the TSH receptor and stimulate the thyroid follicular epithelial cell s to release TH

^T3 & T4 produces hyperthyroidism

Question 10

morphology

Answer 10

• enlargement of the thyroid gland
• follicular E changes from cuboidal to columnar
• formation of papillary projection
• colloid is thinned with scalloped edges
• lymphoid follicles with germinal centers

Question 11

exophthalmos

Answer 11

this is ^ in the volume of the retrobulbar CT and extra ocular muscle due to diffuse goiter

Question 12

pretrial myxedema

Answer 12

localized, infiltrative, dermopathy , is due to the ticknening of the dermis due to the accumulation go GAG & lymphocytic infiltratration

Question 13

types of goiters

Answer 13

diffuse non toxic

multinodular goiters