disorder of upper respiratory GI tract Flashcards
what are the disorders of upper gi tract
reflux esophagitis acute gastritis peptic ulcer disease chronic gastritis helicobacter pylori gastritis gastric adenocarcinoma
esophagitis
irritation or inflammation of the esophagus
causes of esophagitis
GERD VOMITING SURGERY MEDICATION (ASPIRIN) TAKING LARGE PILLS WITH SMALL WATER SWALLOWING TOXIC SUBSTANCE HERNIAS RADIATION INJURY DUE TO CANCER
reflux esophagitis
reflux of gastric content into the lower esophagus which is called GERD.
constant LES (lower esophageal sphincter) tone prevent the reflex
stratified squamous esophagus is sensitive to acid
submucosal gland of the proximal and distal esophagus contributes to mucosal protection by secreting mucin and bicarbonate.
clinical features of reflux esophagitis
most common in adult 40+
most common symptoms are heart burn, dysphagia
less common regurgitation of soured taste gastric content.
rarely chest pain which is mistaken for heart disease.
acute gastritis?
transient mucosl inflammatory process
may be asymptomatic or may cause epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting
in severe cases erosion, ulceration, hemorrhage, hematemesis,melena,massive blood loss.
mechanisms that protect gastric mucosa
mucin by foveolar cells neutral ph (bicarbonate)by surface epithelial cells. rich vascular supply-delivers oxygen,biocarbonate& vitamins while washing away acids that are in the lamina propria.
acute/chronic gastritis occurs after disruption of ?
reduced mucin secretion
NSAIDs-interferes with prostaglandins and bicarbonate secretion.
ingestion of harsh chemicals acids/base
direct cell injury due to alcohol,NSAIDs, radiation therapy & chemotherapy.
peptic ulcer disease
peptic ulcer disease (PUD) most often is associated with h.pylori inf or NSAID use
it may occur in any part of GI exposed to acidic gastric juice
most common- gastric antrum, 1st part of duodenum
also in esophagus due to GERD or acid secretion by ectopic gastric mucosa and in SI secondary to gastric heteropia
