disorder of upper respiratory GI tract

Question 1

what are the disorders of upper gi tract

Answer 1

reflux esophagitis
acute gastritis
peptic ulcer disease
chronic gastritis
helicobacter pylori gastritis
gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 2

esophagitis

Answer 2

irritation or inflammation of the esophagus

Question 3

causes of esophagitis

Answer 3

GERD
VOMITING
SURGERY
MEDICATION (ASPIRIN)
TAKING LARGE PILLS WITH SMALL WATER
SWALLOWING TOXIC SUBSTANCE
HERNIAS
RADIATION INJURY DUE TO CANCER

Question 4

reflux esophagitis

Answer 4

reflux of gastric content into the lower esophagus which is called GERD.

constant LES (lower esophageal sphincter) tone prevent the reflex

stratified squamous esophagus is sensitive to acid

submucosal gland of the proximal and distal esophagus contributes to mucosal protection by secreting mucin and bicarbonate.

Question 5

clinical features of reflux esophagitis

Answer 5

most common in adult 40+
most common symptoms are heart burn, dysphagia
less common regurgitation of soured taste gastric content.
rarely chest pain which is mistaken for heart disease.

Question 6

acute gastritis?

Answer 6

transient mucosl inflammatory process

may be asymptomatic or may cause epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting

in severe cases erosion, ulceration, hemorrhage, hematemesis,melena,massive blood loss.

Question 7

mechanisms that protect gastric mucosa

Answer 7

mucin by foveolar cells
neutral ph (bicarbonate)by surface epithelial cells.
rich vascular supply-delivers oxygen,biocarbonate& vitamins while washing away acids that are in the lamina propria.

Question 8

acute/chronic gastritis occurs after disruption of ?

Answer 8

reduced mucin secretion

NSAIDs-interferes with prostaglandins and bicarbonate secretion.

ingestion of harsh chemicals acids/base

direct cell injury due to alcohol,NSAIDs, radiation therapy & chemotherapy.

Question 9

peptic ulcer disease

Answer 9

peptic ulcer disease (PUD) most often is associated with h.pylori inf or NSAID use
it may occur in any part of GI exposed to acidic gastric juice

most common- gastric antrum, 1st part of duodenum

also in esophagus due to GERD or acid secretion by ectopic gastric mucosa and in SI secondary to gastric heteropia