Heart Ext Features And Circulation Flashcards
What are the three main surfaces of the heart?
Sternocostal (anterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), and pulmonary (left).
Which chamber of the heart forms the apex?
Left ventricle.
What structure separates the atria from the ventricles externally?
Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove).
What groove is located between the right and left ventricles on the anterior surface?
Anterior interventricular sulcus.
What groove is located between the right and left ventricles on the posterior surface?
Posterior interventricular sulcus.
Which chamber of the heart forms most of the sternocostal (anterior) surface?
Right ventricle.
Which chamber forms most of the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface?
Left ventricle.
What part of the heart is most posterior?
Left atrium.
Which major vessels enter the right atrium?
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
What is the function of the auricles of the heart?
They serve as small reservoirs that increase atrial volume.
What are the two main coronary arteries?
Right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA).
What does the right coronary artery (RCA) supply?
Right atrium, right ventricle, SA node (in 60% of people), AV node (in 80% of people).
What are the major branches of the RCA?
SA nodal artery, right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery (PDA).
What does the left coronary artery (LCA) supply?
Left atrium, left ventricle, interventricular septum, part of the right ventricle.
What are the major branches of the LCA?
Left anterior descending (LAD) artery, circumflex artery.
Which artery is commonly involved in myocardial infarction?
Left anterior descending (LAD) artery.
What is coronary artery dominance?
Determined by which artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery (PDA).
What is right-dominant circulation?
Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) arises from the RCA (85% of cases).
What is left-dominant circulation?
Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) arises from the LCA (8% of cases).
What is codominant circulation?
Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) arises from both RCA and LCA (7% of cases).
What is the function of the coronary sinus?
Drains most of the venous blood from the heart into the right atrium.
Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?
Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein.
Where does the great cardiac vein run?
Alongside the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in the anterior interventricular sulcus.
Where does the middle cardiac vein run?
Alongside the posterior interventricular artery in the posterior interventricular sulcus.
Where does the small cardiac vein run?
Alongside the right marginal artery.
What is the significance of coronary collateral circulation?
Provides alternative blood supply to ischemic regions in case of arterial blockage.
Which vessels contribute to coronary collateral circulation?
Branches between LAD and posterior interventricular artery; between RCA and circumflex artery.
