Heart attacks and stokes Flashcards
Atherosclerosis
a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries
Plaque
made of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Over time the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen rich blood to your organs and other parts of your body
Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
the death of a segment of heart muscle caused by a loss of blood supply. The blood is usually cut off when an artery supplying the hearts (coronary) muscle is blocked
Stroke
Occurs when blood stops flowing to any part of your brain, damaging brain cells
Ischemic (most common)
Caused by a blockage or clot in a blood vessel in your brain. The blockage can be caused when plaque builds up on the inside wall of an artery
Hemorrhagic stroke
Caused when an artery in the brain breaks open/ The interrupted blood flow causes damage to your brain. High blood pressure weakens arteries over time and is a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke
Cerebral Angiogram
(x-ray) an image that can help your doctor find blockages or other abnormalities in the blood vessels of your head and neck
Asprin and stroke patient?
NEVER give aspirin to a stroke patient, only to patients with symptoms of heart attack (If its a hemorrhagic stroke, aspirin will increase bleeding)
Angina
Discomfort caused by a temporary disruption in the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart.
Meds for angina
nitroglycerin, widens the coronary arteries to allow more oxygen rich blood to flow to the heart
Cardiac Catheterization
procedure that examines inside of heart blood vessels with angiograms (uses dye)
Conscious choking
if coughing encourage them to keep coughing
how to treat for choking
5 black blows with heel of hand in between shoulder blades, 5 abdominal thrusts behind the choking victim, with one foot in between the victims feet
choking victim goes unconcious
1.CALL 911
2.Begin CPR - starting with compressions first
3.Every time you open the airway to give them breaths, check in the mouth to see if you see the obstructing object. Remove is possible
Choking for pregnant
abdominal thrust become chest thrusts
Choking: Someone in a wheelchair
lock wheels and crouch behind
Choking: alone
throw yourself against a chair, table or counter
Choking: child
may have to get down on knees for correct angle of abdominal thrusts
A choking infant goes unconscious
Place baby on lap facing down, heading lower than the body, give 5 back blows, flip baby on the other side and give 5 chest compressions
If unconscious, begin CPR starting with compressions and checking for object in mouth before giving puffs
Dogs CPR
Pull tongue out, give chest compressions, for breaths put mouth over nose/snout
