HEART AND VASCULAR

Question 1

HEART SIZE IN WOMEN AND MEN

Answer 1

9OZ AND 10.9 OZ

Question 2

The large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from
the heart are referred to as the

Answer 2

great vessels.

Question 3

Collagen
—— anchor the AV valve flaps to
papillary muscles within the ventricles.

Answer 3

Collagen
fibers,chordae tendineae,

Question 4

tough, inextensible, loose-fitting, fibroserous
sac that attaches to the great vessels and surrounds the heart.

Answer 4

pericardium

Question 5

thickest layer of the heart, made up of
contractile cardiac muscle cells.

Answer 5

myocardium

Question 6

thin layer of
endothelial tissue that forms the innermost layer of the heart

Answer 6

endocardium

Question 7

in the
myocardium of both ventricles, causing them to contract almost
simultaneously.

Answer 7

Purkinje fibers

Question 8

filling and emptying of the heart’s
chambers.

Answer 8

cardiac cycle

Question 9

endures for approximately
two thirds of the cardiac cycle and systole is the remaining one
third

Answer 9

Diastole

Question 10

the amount of blood pumped from the heart with each
contraction (SV from the left ventricle is usually 70 mL).

Answer 10

Stroke Volume

Question 11

veins lie deep and medial to the
sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Answer 11

internal jugular veins

Question 12

lie lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and
above the clavicle

Answer 12

external jugular veins

Question 13

determining the hemodynamics of the right side of the heart.

Answer 13

jugular venous pulse

Question 14

reflects rise in atrial pressure that occurs with atrial
contraction

Answer 14

a wave

Question 15

reflects right atrial relaxation and descent of the
atrial floor during ventricular systole

Answer 15

x descent

Question 16

reflects right atrial filling, increased volume, and
increased atrial pressure

Answer 16

v wave

Question 17

reflects right atrial emptying into the right ventricle
and decreased atrial pressure

Answer 17

y descent

Question 18

May be seen with
weak heart muscles, an attempt
by the heart to increase CO.

Answer 18

Tachycardia

Question 19

may occur with an
abnormality of the heart’s
conduction system
(arrhythmias) or during the
heart’s attempt to increase CO
by increasing the HR.

Answer 19

Palpitations

Question 20

may result from
compromised CO.

Answer 20

Fatigue

Question 21

is usually
described as a sensation of
squeezing around the heart; a
steady, severe pain; and a
sense of pressure.

Answer 21

Angina

Question 22

may result from
congestive heart failure,
pulmonary disorders, coronary
artery disease, myocardial
ischemia, and myocardial
infarction (MI).

Answer 22

Dyspnea

Question 23

is the need
to sit more upright to breathe
easily due to fluid accumulation
in the lungs

Answer 23

Orthopnea

Question 24

A sudden onset of
edema in one leg with pain may
be due to a blood clot in that leg

Answer 24

deep vein thrombosis

Question 25

the most
common cause of peripheral
edema.

Answer 25

Venous insufficiency

Question 26

affect the heart’s ability to pump, decreasing the oxygen
supply to the tissues.

Answer 26

Congenital or acquired defects

Question 27

develops after exposure
to group A beta hemolytic
streptococci and results in
inflammation of all layers of the
heart, impairing contraction and
valvular function.

Answer 27

Rheumatic
carditis

Question 28

inflammation of
the parietal pleura
next to the
pericardium)

Answer 28

Pericarditis

Question 29

tear in
the wall lining the
aorta)

Answer 29

Aortic dissecting
aneurysm

Question 30

irreversible heart
damage due to
myocardial
ischemia)

Answer 30

Myocardial infarction
(irreversible heart

Question 31

Distention of jugular
vein on one side
may be caused by a

Answer 31

kink or aneurysm.

Question 32

may
occur in clients with
severe constrictive
pericarditis.

Answer 32

Kussmaul sign

Question 33

a blowing or
swishing sound
caused by turbulent
blood flow through
a narrowed vessel,
is indicative of
occlusive arterial
disease. However, if
the artery is more
than two-thirds
occluded, a bruit
may not be heard.

Answer 33

bruit

Question 34

Always
auscultate the
carotid arteries
before palpating
because

Answer 34

palpation
may increase or
slow the HR

Question 35

Loss of elasticity
may indicate—–

Answer 35

arteriosclerosis

Question 36

Loss of elasticity
may indicate

Answer 36

Fully distended
jugular veins

Question 38

delayed upstroke

Answer 38

aortic
stenosis.

Question 39

Pulsations, which
may also be called

Answer 39

heaves or lifts

Question 40

The apical impulse
may be impossible
to palpate in clients
with

Answer 40

pulmonary
emphysema

Question 41

If you detect an
irregular rhythm,
auscultate for a

Answer 41

pulse rate deficit.

Question 42

The radial and apical
pulse rates should
be

Answer 42

Identical

Question 43

A thrill is palpated over the second and third ICS; a thrill may indicate

Answer 43

aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension.

Question 44

A thrill palpated over
the second and third left ICSs may indicate

Answer 44

pulmonic stenosis and
pulmonic hypertension.

Question 45

A sign of pressure overload

Answer 45

accentuated apical impulse

Question 46

A sign of volume overload

Answer 46

apical impulse displaced

Question 47

These beats occur earlier than the next expected beat and are followed
by a pause. The rhythm resumes with the next beat.

Answer 47

PREMATURE ATRIAL OR JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS

Question 48

These beats occur earlier than the next expected beat and are followed
by a pulse. The rhythm resumes with the next beat.

Answer 48

PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS

Question 49

faster with inhalation and slower with expiration

Answer 49

SINUS ARRHYTHMIA