ABDOMEN Flashcards
The
quadrants are determined by an imaginary vertical line (midline) extending from
the tip of —— through the—- to the——
sternum (xiphoid) through the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis.
A thin, shiny, serous membrane called the
peritoneum
IS PANCREAS PALPABLE?
NOPE
functions primarily to filter the blood of cellular debris, to digest
microorganisms, and to return the breakdown products to the liver.
SPEEN 7CM
filtration and elimination of metabolic waste products.
KIDNEY
concentrate and store the bile needed to digest fat.
gallbladder 10CM
Two major functions of the small intestine
DIGEST ABSORB
SMALL INTESTINE PALPABLE?
NOPE
At the junction of
the liver in the RUQ, it flexes at a right angle and becomes the transverse colon.
ascending colon
functions primarily to secrete large amounts of alkaline mucus to
lubricate the intestine and neutralize acids formed by the intestinal bacteria.
COLON
a distensible muscular sac located behind the pubic bone
in the midline of the abdomen, functions as a temporary receptacle for urine.
urinary bladder
produces sudden
onset of pain,
whereas the pain of
pancreatic cancer
may be gradual or
recurrent.
ACUTE PANCREATIS
A burning
sensation in the
esophagus may
occur with
GASTRIC ACID REFLUX
PLEASE READ THE BURNING CHURVANESS
open sores, that form in the lining of the esophagus,
stomach, or small intestine when acid eats away the protective mucous covering
and erodes the underlying lining of these organs.
PEPTIC ULCERS
Purple discoloration at
the flanks —– indicates bleeding
within the abdominal
wall, possibly from
trauma to the kidneys,
pancreas, or duodenum
or from pancreatitis.
gREY TURNER SIGN
may be seen
with liver disease or
portal hypertension. Dilated surface arterioles
and capillaries with a
central star
SPIDER AGIONA
Dark bluish-pink striae
are associated with
Cushing syndrome
A bluish or
purple discoloration
around the umbilicus
(periumbilical
ecchymosis) indicates
intra-abdominal bleeding
Cullen’s sign:
(sunken)
abdomen may be seen
with severe weight loss
or cachexia related to
starvation or terminal
illness.
SCAPHOID
appears as generalized distention in the lower
abdomen.
FIBROIDS AND OTHER MASSES
Fluid in the abdomen causes generalized protuberance, bulging flanks, and an everted
umbilicus. Percussion reveals dullness over fluid
ASCITIC FLUID
abdomen distended with gas may appear as a generalized protuberance
FLATUS
occurs when the bowel protrudes through a defect or weakness
resulting from a surgical incision.
INCISIONAL HERNIA
bowel protrudes through a separation between the two
rectus abdominis muscles. It appears as a midline ridge.
DIASTASIS RECTI
results from the bowel protruding through a weakness in the
umbilical ring. This condition occurs more frequently in infants, but also occurs in
adults.
UMBILICAL HERNIA
area of dullness exceeding 7 cm.
ENLARGED SPLEEEN
A prominent, laterally pulsating mass above the umbilicus strongly suggests an
aortic
aneurysm.
A liver in a lower position than normal with a normal span may be caused by
emphysema
An enlarged firm, hard, nodular liver suggests3
cancer.cirrhosis
or syphilis
An extremely tender, enlarged gallbladder suggests acute
cholecystitis
(sharp pain that causes the client to hold the breath
Murphy sign
