Heart and Transport

Question 1

Why do multicellular organisms need a transport system?

Answer 1

Distances are too large for diffusion

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

Liquid bit of blood

Question 3

Plasma function

Answer 3

Carries:
Red and white blood cells
Platelets
Digested food products
Urea
Carbon Dioxide
Hormones

Question 4

Platelets

Answer 4

Small fragments of cells that help blood to clot

Question 5

Blood clotting

Answer 5

Platelets clump together to plug the affected area. Held together by fibrin.

Question 6

Red blood cells function

Answer 6

Transport oxygen from lungs to all cells

Question 7

Red blood cells adaptations

Answer 7

Biconcave and small for large surface area to release and absorb oxyygen, no nucleaus, contain haemoglobin

Question 8

Phagocytes

Answer 8

Detect pathogens, engulf and digest them, non-specific

Question 9

Lymphocites

Answer 9

Produce antibodies specific to antigens, mark all pathogens

Question 10

Memory cells

Answer 10

Produced in response to antigen, reproduce fast if antigen returns

Question 11

Vaccination

Answer 11

Inserted with small amount so memory cells build up, if pathogens return antibodies kill them faster

Question 12

Arteries function/structure

Answer 12

Carry blood away from heart, high pressure, strong elastic thick walls, thin lumen

Question 13

Veins function/structure

Answer 13

Carry blood to the heart, low pressure, thinner walls, big lumen, valves

Question 14

Capillaries structure/function

Answer 14

Branches off arteries, tiny, permeable walls, supply food and O2, take away waste and CO2, walls one cell thick

Question 15

Passage of blood (1)

Answer 15

Vena cava into right atrium as deoxygenated blood, right ventricle as deoxygenated blood, pumped to lungs through pulmonary artery

Question 16

Passage of blood (2)

Answer 16

Pulmonary vein into left atrium as oxygenated blood, left ventricle pumps to whole body through aorta, thicker and higher pressure

Question 17

Function of valves

Answer 17

Prevent backflow

Question 18

Exercise effect

Answer 18

CO2 increase in blood, detected by receptors, send signals to brain, sends signals to heart to pump more frequently, muscles need more energy/oxygen

Question 19

Adrenaline effect

Answer 19

Adrenaline binds to receptors in heart, contracts more frequently and increases heart rate, increases oxygen to tissues

Question 20

Hepatic vein/artery

Answer 20

Blood to/away from liver

Question 21

Renal vein/artery

Answer 21

Blood to/away from kidneys

Question 22

Pulmonary vein/artery

Answer 22

Blood to/away from lungs

Question 23

Coronary heart disease

Answer 23

Coronary arteries blocked by fatty material, arteries become narrow, blood flow restricted

Question 24

Causes of CHD

Answer 24

High fat diet, smoking, being inactive