Gas Exchange

Question 1

Air passage

Answer 1

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 2

Breathing in

Answer 2

Intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm flattens out, thorax volume increase, muscles pull ribcage up and out

Question 3

Breathing out

Answer 3

Intercostal muscles relax, diaphragm moves up, thorax volume decrease, ribcage drops in and down

Question 4

Alveoli adaptations

Answer 4

Enormous surface area, moist lining, thin walls, great blood supply therefore high concentration gradient, permeable walls

Question 5

Factors quickening diffusion

Answer 5

High SA to V ratio, low distance, high temperature, high concentration gradient

Question 6

Emphysema

Answer 6

Damaged alveoli walls, reduced surface area for gas exchange

Question 7

Chest infection

Answer 7

Damaged cilia due to tar

Question 8

Smoker’s cough/bronchitis

Answer 8

Bronchi and bronchioles irritated by tar causing mucus production

Question 9

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 9

CO in cigarette smoke reduces oxygen in blood, high blood pressure, damages artery walls

Question 10

Cancer

Answer 10

Contains carcinogens