Heart And Stroke BLS

Question 1

What are the 2 KEY components of CPR?

Answer 1

Breaths and Compresssions

Question 2

What are 3 objectives of High Quality Compressions?

Answer 2

Push 5 cm or 2 in (for adults), or 1/3 the depth of the chest (children and infants) at a rate of 100-120/min
Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
Minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds

Question 3

What is the age category of infants?

Answer 3

Less than 1 year old

Question 4

What is the age category of Children?

Answer 4

1 year - Age of puberty

Question 5

What criteria categorizes an Adult?

Answer 5

Adolescents with onset puberty, and older

Question 6

What are the 6 Links in the Paediatric chain of Survival?
How does the In hospital differ from Out of hospital?

Answer 6

Early recognition and prevention
Activation of emergency response
High Quality CPR
Advanced Resuscitation
Post cardiac arrest care
Recovery

The In-hospital chain has a larger focus on early recognition while the out of hospital chain places a larger focus on prevention

Question 7

What are the 6 links in the Adult In-hospital chain of survival?

Answer 7

Early recognition and prevention
Activation of emergency response
High Quality CPR
Defibrillation
Post cardiac arrest care
Recovery

Question 8

What are the 6 links in the Adult Out of Hospital chain of survival?

Answer 8

Activation of emergency response
High Quality CPR
Defibrillation
Advanced Resuscitation
Post cardiac arrest care
Recovery

Question 9

Where do most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur?

Answer 9

Homes

Question 10

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrests in Children?

Answer 10

Infection and Sepsis

Question 11

What are the 8 steps in the BLS Algorithm?

Answer 11

1 Verify scene safety
2 Check for responsiveness
3 Assess for breathing and pulse
4 (If no pulse is felt) Start 30/2 CPR
5/6 Use AED as soon as it is available, Follow AED directions
7 If a shockable rhythm is found, shock patient and continue CPR
8 If no shockable rhythm is felt continue compressions

Question 12

What is LUD and why is it beneficial during compressions on a pregnant patient?

Answer 12

Lateral Uterine Displacement (LUD) requires an extra rescuer to help manually move the uterus to the patients left side to relieve pressure on major blood vessels

Question 13

What is the best way to hold a Bag Valve mask?

Answer 13

Either with a 1 handed CE grip (1 rescuer) or a 2 handed CE grip (2 rescuer)

Question 14

How often should the person giving compressions switch?

Answer 14

When 2 or more rescuers are available the compressor should switch after every 2 minutes or 5 rounds of compressions

Question 15

What is CCF?

Answer 15

Chest Compression Fraction (CCF) is the proportion of time that rescuers are preforming chest compressions

Question 16

What does ROSC stand for?

Answer 16

Return Of Spontaneous Circulation

Question 17

What are the 2 shockable heart rhythms?

Answer 17

pVT - Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation

Question 18

Where should the AED be placed?

Answer 18

At the side of the rescuer that will be using it, optimally opposite the person giving compressions

Question 19

What are the 6 instances that require special considerations for AED pad placement?

Answer 19

Hairy Chest
Immersed or covered in water
Implanted defibrillator or pacemaker
Medication patches
Pregnant Women
Clothing and Jewelry

Question 20

What are the 3 elements of Effective Team Resuscitation?

Answer 20

Roles and responsibilities
Communication
Debriefing

Question 21

What is Closed Loop Communication?

Answer 21

Sender gives message
Receiver repeats message
Senders confirms that it is correct

Question 22

Where do you perform a pulse check on an unresponsive Adult

Answer 22

Carotid Artery

Question 23

Where do you perform a pulse check on an unresponsive infant?

Answer 23

Brachial Artery

Question 24

When should a 15/2 compression ratio be used?

Answer 24

During 2 rescuer CPR on children or infants

Question 25

How are compressions performed on infants?

Answer 25

Either with 2 fingers or the 2 thumb encircling method

Question 26

What is the best head position for infants?

Answer 26

Infants airways are best opened by placing the head in the neutral or sniffing position

Question 27

When should child AED pads be used?

Answer 27

Child AED pads should be used on children 8 or younger, if no children’s pads are available use adult pads

Question 28

How does the ventilation rate change with an advanced airway?

Answer 28

With a Supraglottic or Endotracheal airway in place ventilations should be given every 6 seconds, every 2-3 seconds in infants and children

Question 29

What are the signs of respiratory arrest?

Answer 29

Unresponsive
Not breathing or gasping
Victim has a pulse

Question 30

How to avoid Gastric Inflation?

Answer 30

Deliver breath over 1 second
Breath just enough to see chest rise

Question 31

What are the signs of an opioid overdose?

Answer 31

Slow, Shallow, or no breathing
Chocking or gurgling sounds
Drowsiness or loss of consciousness
Small constricted pupils
Blue skin, lips, or nails

Question 32

What are the 2 methods of giving Naloxone

Answer 32

Injectable Naloxone
Intranasal Naloxone

Question 33

What are the 6 common signs of a heart attack?

Answer 33

Chest discomfort
Sweating
Upper body discomfort
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Light headed

Question 34

What are the signs of a Stroke? (FAST)

Answer 34

Face, is it drooping
Arms, can they be raised
Speech, are words slurred
Time, call 911 right away

Question 35

What are the signs of a mild allergic reaction?

Answer 35

Stuffy nose
Itchy skin or mucous membranes
Raised red rash on the skin

Question 36

What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction?

Answer 36

Trouble breathing
Itchy skin
Poor perfusion (Shock)
Stomach cramping or Diarrhea