Heart And Stroke BLS Flashcards
What are the 2 KEY components of CPR?
Breaths and Compresssions
What are 3 objectives of High Quality Compressions?
Push 5 cm or 2 in (for adults), or 1/3 the depth of the chest (children and infants) at a rate of 100-120/min
Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
Minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds
What is the age category of infants?
Less than 1 year old
What is the age category of Children?
1 year - Age of puberty
What criteria categorizes an Adult?
Adolescents with onset puberty, and older
What are the 6 Links in the Paediatric chain of Survival?
How does the In hospital differ from Out of hospital?
Early recognition and prevention
Activation of emergency response
High Quality CPR
Advanced Resuscitation
Post cardiac arrest care
Recovery
The In-hospital chain has a larger focus on early recognition while the out of hospital chain places a larger focus on prevention
What are the 6 links in the Adult In-hospital chain of survival?
Early recognition and prevention
Activation of emergency response
High Quality CPR
Defibrillation
Post cardiac arrest care
Recovery
What are the 6 links in the Adult Out of Hospital chain of survival?
Activation of emergency response
High Quality CPR
Defibrillation
Advanced Resuscitation
Post cardiac arrest care
Recovery
Where do most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur?
Homes
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrests in Children?
Infection and Sepsis
What are the 8 steps in the BLS Algorithm?
1 Verify scene safety
2 Check for responsiveness
3 Assess for breathing and pulse
4 (If no pulse is felt) Start 30/2 CPR
5/6 Use AED as soon as it is available, Follow AED directions
7 If a shockable rhythm is found, shock patient and continue CPR
8 If no shockable rhythm is felt continue compressions
What is LUD and why is it beneficial during compressions on a pregnant patient?
Lateral Uterine Displacement (LUD) requires an extra rescuer to help manually move the uterus to the patients left side to relieve pressure on major blood vessels
What is the best way to hold a Bag Valve mask?
Either with a 1 handed CE grip (1 rescuer) or a 2 handed CE grip (2 rescuer)
How often should the person giving compressions switch?
When 2 or more rescuers are available the compressor should switch after every 2 minutes or 5 rounds of compressions
What is CCF?
Chest Compression Fraction (CCF) is the proportion of time that rescuers are preforming chest compressions
What does ROSC stand for?
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation
What are the 2 shockable heart rhythms?
pVT - Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Where should the AED be placed?
At the side of the rescuer that will be using it, optimally opposite the person giving compressions
What are the 6 instances that require special considerations for AED pad placement?
Hairy Chest
Immersed or covered in water
Implanted defibrillator or pacemaker
Medication patches
Pregnant Women
Clothing and Jewelry
What are the 3 elements of Effective Team Resuscitation?
Roles and responsibilities
Communication
Debriefing
What is Closed Loop Communication?
Sender gives message
Receiver repeats message
Senders confirms that it is correct
Where do you perform a pulse check on an unresponsive Adult
Carotid Artery
Where do you perform a pulse check on an unresponsive infant?
Brachial Artery
When should a 15/2 compression ratio be used?
During 2 rescuer CPR on children or infants
How are compressions performed on infants?
Either with 2 fingers or the 2 thumb encircling method
What is the best head position for infants?
Infants airways are best opened by placing the head in the neutral or sniffing position
When should child AED pads be used?
Child AED pads should be used on children 8 or younger, if no children’s pads are available use adult pads
How does the ventilation rate change with an advanced airway?
With a Supraglottic or Endotracheal airway in place ventilations should be given every 6 seconds, every 2-3 seconds in infants and children
What are the signs of respiratory arrest?
Unresponsive
Not breathing or gasping
Victim has a pulse
How to avoid Gastric Inflation?
Deliver breath over 1 second
Breath just enough to see chest rise
What are the signs of an opioid overdose?
Slow, Shallow, or no breathing
Chocking or gurgling sounds
Drowsiness or loss of consciousness
Small constricted pupils
Blue skin, lips, or nails
What are the 2 methods of giving Naloxone
Injectable Naloxone
Intranasal Naloxone
What are the 6 common signs of a heart attack?
Chest discomfort
Sweating
Upper body discomfort
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Light headed
What are the signs of a Stroke? (FAST)
Face, is it drooping
Arms, can they be raised
Speech, are words slurred
Time, call 911 right away
What are the signs of a mild allergic reaction?
Stuffy nose
Itchy skin or mucous membranes
Raised red rash on the skin
What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction?
Trouble breathing
Itchy skin
Poor perfusion (Shock)
Stomach cramping or Diarrhea
