Heart and Pericardium Flashcards
What are the three layers of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium, parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium
What is the pericardial cavity?
The potential space between the parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium
What is the transverse pericardial sinus?
The space between the arteries and veins entering the heart - created by the pericardium
What is the clinical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus?
used to put a ligature around the arteries during heart bypass
Which part of the heart forms the right border?
The right atrium
What part of the heart forms the left border?
The left ventricle
Where is the apex of the heart?
In the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line
What is the muscle of the right atrium called?
musculi pectinati
What is the smooth part of the right atrium called?
sinus venarum
What is the border between the musculi pectinati and the sinus venarum called?
crista terminalis
What vessels enter the right atrium?
The IVC, the SVC and the coronary sinus
Where is the fossa ovals located?
On the posterior aspect of the right atrium
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
between the right atrium and the right ventricle
What are the ridges in the wall of the right ventricle called?
Trabeculae carnae
What is the conus arteriosum/nfundibulum?
The only smooth part of the right ventricle immediately inferior to the pulmonary valve
What are the papillary muscles?
Specialised trabeculae carnae that project into the cavity and give off the chordae tendinae
Which chamber of the heart is the thickest walled?
The left ventricle
What are the 2 functions of the fibrous skeleton?
anchoring atrial and ventricular muscle and electrically isolating atrial and ventricular muscle
What is the shape of the fibrous skeleton?
A figure 8 around the atrioventricular valves with two coronets around the semilunar valves
Which is the rough side and which is the smooth side of the AV valves?
The smooth side is the atrial surface and the rough side is the ventricular surface
What are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve?
anterior cusp, posterior cusp, septal cusp
Does one set of chordae tendinae attach to one cusp of the AV valve?
No
Why don’t the semilunar valves require papillary muscles?
Because when the ventricles relax the gradient for flow ceases and the valves just drift close
What is the aortic sinus?
An anatomical dilation in the aorta where the right and left coronary arteries originate
What is the anatomical location of the SA node?
At the top of of the crista terminals in front of the SVC
What is the anatomical location of the AV node?
On the posterior wall of the right atrium between the AV valve and the coronary sinus
What is the anatomical location of the right bundle branch?
The front of the IV septum
What is the anatomical location of the left bundle branch?
The back of the IV septum
What is the nerve supply to the heart?
A cardiac plexus at the base of the heart - it is divided into superficial and deep parts and receives branches from the vagus and sympathetic trunks
What is the path of the right coronary artery?
Branches off the aorta, follows the right atrioventricular groove, gives off a marginal branch along the RHS of the heart and a posterior interventricular branch that goes along the posterior interventicular groove before anastamosing with the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
What is the path of the left coronary artery?
Branches off the aorta and almost immediately divides into the circumflex branch and the anterior inter ventricular branch. The anterior inter ventricular branch goes down the anterior inter ventricular groove and anastamoses with the posterior inter ventricular branch. The circumflex branch goes along the left atrioventricular groove
Which coronary artery usually supplies the SA node?
The right coronary artery
Which coronary artery usually supplies the AV node?
The right coronary artery
Which coronary artery usually supplies the left ventricle?
The left anterior descending artery (LAD - anterior inter ventricular branch of the left coronary artery) and the circumflex artery
