Antibiotics 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of an antibiotic?
Naturally occurring (produced by fungi)
What is the definition of a chemotherapetic agent?
A synthetic antimicrobial
What is a semi-synthetic?
An antimicrobial based on a naturally occurring molecule that has been modified to alter its pharmacological properties (kinetics, toxicity) or change which microbes it works on
What is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial?
Something that stops bacteria growth and allows the immune system to stop the bacteria
What is a bactericidal antimicrobial?
Something that kill bacteria - used when treating patients without an immune system
What are the features of tetracyclines?
4 rings, rapidly metabolised
What are the features of beta-lactam antibiotics?
house, with a garage (beta-lactam ring) and a car parked outside
What are the features of penicillin G?
acid labile - has to be taken by injection, acts on GPC, GPR, GNC
What are the features of penicillin V?
acid stable - can be taken orally, acts on GPC, GPR, GNC
What are the features of ampicillin?
can be taken orally, acts on GNR as well as GPC, GPR, GNC
What are the features of amoxycillin?
Same as ampicillin
What are the features of methicillin?
specifically for resistant staph aureus, it has weak oral efficacy and is moderately toxic - no longer used and instead use flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin
What are the features of carbenicillin?
Used specifically for pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics - it has weak oral efficacy
What are some targets of antimicrobial agents?
cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, ribosomes, nucleic acid, folic acid
