Cardiac Function and its Control Flashcards

1
Q

What does blood pressure depend on?

A

The compliance in the vessel wall and the active tension in the vessel wall

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2
Q

Which is more important in diastole?

A

Compliance

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3
Q

Which is more important in systole?

A

Active tension

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4
Q

What is compliance?

A

The ability of a chamber to accept increased volume

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5
Q

Is the pericardium important in compliance?

A

In a healthy heart no, but can be important if it fibroses and is stiff or if there is pericardial effusion

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6
Q

Which ventricle is less compliant?

A

The left ventricle - because the wall is thicker

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7
Q

Which ventricle can generate more force?

A

The left ventricle - because it has to pump against systemic pressure

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8
Q

What is the left ventricular end diastolic volume?

A

75mL

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9
Q

What is the left ventricular stroke volume?

A

100mL

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10
Q

What is the left ventricular end diastolic pressure?

A

15mmHg

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11
Q

What is the left ventricular early diastolic pressure?

A

5mmHg

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12
Q

What causes an increase in stroke volume?

A

Increase in ventricular contractility and increase in end diastolic volume

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13
Q

Does an increased heart rate increase stroke volume?

A

No

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14
Q

How is contractility increased?

A

With sympathetic nerve activation, caffeine, adrenaline, increased intracellular calcium

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15
Q

What valves are open in diastole?

A

The AV valves

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16
Q

What valves are open in systole?

A

The semilunar valves

17
Q

What valves are open in isovolumetric contraction?

A

None

18
Q

What causes the first heart sound?

A

Closing of the AV valves

19
Q

What causes the second heart sound?

A

Closing of the semilunar valves

20
Q

What is after load?

A

The pressure after the ventricles

21
Q

When do you get high after load?

A

In high blood pressure and aortic valve stensois

22
Q

What is preload?

A

The volume which goes into the ventricles

23
Q

When do you get increased preload?

A

With increased venous return