Heart and Blood Vessels and Blood

Question 1

What is the job of the red blood cells?

Answer 1

to transport oxygen around the body

Question 2

What shape do red blood cells have?

Answer 2

they have a doughnut (biconcave) shape

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE:
red blood cells have a nucleus.

Answer 3

false they do not have a nucleus

Question 4

Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?

Answer 4

so that they can absorb more blood

Question 5

how do red blood cells have a larger surface area?

Answer 5

through their bi-concaved shape

Question 6

what does having a large surface area in a red blood cell do?

Answer 6

allows more oxygen to be absorbed

Question 7

How does having thin cell membranes in a red blood cell allow for?

Answer 7

efficient absorption of oxygen

Question 8

Why are red blood cells very small?

Answer 8

so they can pass through very small vessels

Question 9

What is the job of the white blood cells?

Answer 9

to protect the body from infection

Question 10

What are the biggest type of cell?

Answer 10

white blood cells

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE
white blood cells have a nucleus

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What 2 things do white blood cells produce?

Answer 12

antitoxins and antibodies

Question 13

What do antitoxins do?

Answer 13

to neutralise toxins

Question 14

what do antibodies do?

Answer 14

they kill pathogens

Question 15

What is plasma?

Answer 15

is a yellow substance that makes your blood liquid

Question 16

What does plasma do?

Answer 16

carries waste products and nutrients and hormones

Question 17

Examples of the things Plasma carries are…
(5 examples)

Answer 17

urea
carbon dioxide
glucose
water
platelets
red blood cell
white blood cells
hormones
amino acids

Question 18

What are platelets?

Answer 18

fragments of blood cells

Question 19

Wat do platelets do?

Answer 19

help clot the blood at an opening

Question 20

What is an artery?

Answer 20

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 21

What artery pumps de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 21

pulmonary artery

Question 22

What pressure is blood in the arteries pumped at?

Answer 22

high pressure

Question 23

What type of walls do arteries have?

Answer 23

Strong and Thick walls

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE:
arteries have valves.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What is a vein

Answer 25

a blood vessel that transports blood to the heart

Question 26

What vein transports oxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 26

pulmonary vein

Question 27

What pressure is blood pumped at in the vein?

Answer 27

low pressure

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE veins have thin walls

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Do veins have a valve?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What is a valve?

Answer 30

a structure which prevents the backflow of blood

Question 31

What is a capillary?

Answer 31

a small blood vessel which allows substances to be exchanged by the blood and cell

Question 32

What type of walls do capillaries have?

Answer 32

very thin walls (one cell thick)

Question 33

do capillaries have valves?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

What is the benefit of capillaries having very thin walls?

Answer 34

allow the exchange of molecules between the blood and the body's cells so molecules can diffuse more efficiently.

Question 35

Why do arteries have thick, muscular and elastic walls?

Answer 35

to pump and accommodate blood under high pressure

Question 36

Why is the arteries lumen small?

Answer 36

to ensure the high pressure of the blood is maintained

Question 37

Where does the blood flow in the heart? (in chronological order)

Answer 37

vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, rest of the body

Question 38

What is the circulatory/cardiovascular system?

Answer 38

a system which delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body through the blood.

Question 39

What type of muscle is in the heart?

Answer 39

cardiac muscle

Question 40

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 40

a cell that makes the heart beat

Question 41

How does a pacemaker work?

Answer 41

they receive electrical impulses from the brain that tells the cells to make the heart pump blood.

Question 42

What happens when a pace maker fails?

Answer 42

it leads to an irregular heart beat

Question 43

What is an artificial pacemaker?

Answer 43

small, battery-operated electronic device implanted in a person's chest that sends out regular, adjustable electrical impulses to produce normal contractions of the heart.

Question 44

Where does gas exchange take place?

Answer 44

in the alveoli

Question 45

What happens in gas exchange?

Answer 45

oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

Question 46

What are some of the adaptions the alveoli have?

Answer 46

large surface area thin walls good blood supply good ventilation

Question 47

How does a large surface area help with gas exchange?

Answer 47

it allows for a faster diffusion of gases across the surface.

Question 48

How does thin walls help with gas exchange?

Answer 48

ensures a shorter diffusion distance, increasing the rate of diffusion

Question 49

how does good ventilation help gas exchange?

Answer 49

it allows the diffusion gradients to be maintained.

Question 50

How do the alveoli have good blood supply?

Answer 50

because of the dense capillary network around them

Question 51

How does good blood supply help gas exchange?

Answer 51

It maintains a high concentration gradient so that the diffusion can occur faster.

Question 52

What does a double circulatory system mean?

Answer 52

the blood passes through the heart two times

Question 53

Where haemoglobin found?

Answer 53

in red blood cells

Question 54

What does haemoglobin do?

Answer 54

binds with the oxygen

Question 55

What is the substance in a red blood cell called when it is carrying oxygen?

Answer 55

oxyhaemoglobin

Question 56

What does oxyhaemoglobin do to the colour of the red blood cells?

Answer 56

turns the colour from dark red to a bright red