Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology GCSE AQA: Organisation > Digestion and Enyzmes > Flashcards

Digestion and Enyzmes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cell?

A

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an organ?

A

Organs are aggregations (group) of tissues performing specific functions.`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an Organ System?

A

Organs are organised into organ systems to perform a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an Organism?

A

A group of organ systems working together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give three examples of a cell.

A

any of : egg cell, nerve, root hair, epithelial, palisade, sperm, red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give three examples of a tissue.

A

any of: muscle, blood, xylem, phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give three examples of an organ.

A

any of: heart, stomach, leaf, flower, liver, lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give three examples of an organ system.

A

any of: digestive system, respiratory, root, shoot, circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give three examples of an organism.

A

any of: human, frog, dog, oak tree, orchid, snake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is digestion?

A

It is a process where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules to be absorbed into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

A

The beginning of the digestive system. Where food is broken apart and mixed with saliva that contains enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of digestion happens in the mouth?

A

mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of oesophagus in digestion?

A

This is a thin tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the stomach in digestion?

A

To mix the food with hydrochloric acid. It mixes it up and churns the food with it’s muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of Liver in digestion?

A

It makes a chemical called bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does bile do?

A
  • It breaks down lipids.
  • neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach
  • emulsifies fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the small intestines

A

to absorb soluble molecules into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the large intestines?

A

to absorb water from undigested foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the Rectum?

A

to store faeces (undigested food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the anus?

A

to excrete the faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the hydrochloric acid do in digestion?

A

it kills bacteria and provides the optimum pH for the protease enzyme to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of digestive enzymes?

A

to convert food into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do Carbohydrases do?
break down carbohydrates to simple sugars
26
What is amylase?
a carbohydrase which breaks down starch
27
What is the function of proteases?
to break down proteins to amino acids
28
What is the function of Lipases?
to break down lipids (fats) to glycerol and fatty acids
29
What is the name of the food test for simple carbohydrates (sugars)?
Benedict's test
30
What is the colour change in the Benedict's test?
from blue to green, orange or Brick red
31
What does green mean in Benedict's test?
low levels of sugar
32
What does Orange mean in Benedict's test?
moderate levels of sugar
33
What does brick red mean in Benedict's test?
High levels of sugar
34
What is the name of the food test for complex carbohydrates (starch) ?
Iodine test
35
What is the colour change in the iodine test?
Turns from a orange/brown colour to a blue/black colour
36
What is the name of the food test for Proteins?
Biuret test
37
What is the colour change in the biuret test?
From blue to a lilac/purple colour
38
What is the name of the food test for Fats?
Ethanol and Water test
39
What is the colour change in the ethanol and water test?
From transparent to a cloudy/milky emulsion
40
What is the fastest food type to digest
carbohydrates
41
What happens to excess carbohydrates
They are stored as fats, which can make you gain weight.
42
what are 2 food examples of simple carbohydrates?
sweets ,biscuits, cake
43
what are 2 food examples of complex carbohydrates?
Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes
44
What are 2 food examples of proteins?
chicken, fish, eggs, nuts, beans
45
What are 2 food examples of fats?
butter, oil, fish, avocado
46
What are amino acids bonded by?
peptides
47
what are fats made up of?
triglycerides - one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
48
What are triglycerides held together by?
ester bonds
49
what type of bonds are carbohydrates bonded by?
glycosidic bonds
50
when an enzyme is involved it is called...
chemical digestion
51
What is an enzyme?
a biological catalyst that breaks down large chain molecules into small chains or individual molecules
52
what is something that speeds up a chemical reaction called.
a catalyst
53
True or False enzymes change/become used up in a reaction
False, enzymes remain the same
54
what do enzymes break down?
substrates
55
What is a substrate?
a food molecule
56
Where does the reaction take place in an enzyme?
active site
57
how does the substrate enter the enzyme?
using the lock and key model
58
what is the lock and key model?
the substrate must be complementary to the active site
59
what are the products that leave the enzyme?
small chains of food molecules
60
What do enzymes lower?
the activation energy
61
What happens in digestion as the temperature rises?
the rate of reaction increases
62
What happens when the temperature reaches the optimum temperature for the enzymes?
the rate of reaction is at it's peak.
63
What happens when the temperature goes past the optimum temperature?
the rate of reaction slows down because the enzymes denature
64
what happens when an enzyme denatures?
It's active site changes shape meaning no substrate can attach onto it and digest.
65
What is the collision theory?
That particles must bounce of each other in order to react with each other.
66
How does the collision theory apply to digestion?
because an enzyme and substrate must meet to form an enzyme- substrate complex to form products.
67
What happens when the pH is too acidic?
The enzyme cannot work well and the rate of reaction is slower
68
what happens when the pH is above the optimum pH level for enzyme action?
the enzymes denature and rate of reaction decreases.
69
What are the small intestines filled with?
villi
70
What are the cells on the villi?
microvilli
71
What does having the microvilli do?
increase the total surface area
72
What does increasing the surface area of villi do?
increase the volume of substances which are absorbed by diffusion
73
Villi have a very good ____ supply.
blood
74
what does each villi contain?
a capillary
74
where does the capillary lead to?
the main blood supply
75
how does the adaption of the capillary effect the villi?
allows substances to go straight to the bloodstream
76
what is an adaption the villi have to do with their walls?
they are one cell thick
77
what does the adaption of the one cell wall thick cell do?
it makes a shorter distance allowing substances to diffuse faster
78
Where is bile made?
liver
79
what happens in the gall bladder?
bile is stored
80
what does bile do in the stomach?
it neutralises the acid, so it becomes more alkaline in the small intestines
81
why do lipases work best in the small intestines?
because conditions are more alkaline
82
What does bile do to fat molecules?
emulsified into fat droplets
83
what do the fat droplets allow?
for a bigger surface area for lipases to break down.
84
What are carbohydrates used for?
as an energy source in respiration
85
What are proteins used for?
growth, repair, enzymes, antibodies and hormones
86
What are lipids used for?
cell membranes, hormones and nervous system
87
where is protease made?
stomach, pancreas and small intestine
88
where are lipase made?
pancreas and small intestine
89
Where is amylase made?
salivary gland and small intestines and pancreas
90
why do different enzymes have different optimum pH's?
because they are from different parts of the digestion system

Biology GCSE AQA: Organisation (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions